Critique for generation velcro Essay

Summary for â€Å"Denaturalizing ‘Natural’ Disasters: Haiti’s Earthquake and the Humanitarian Impulse from p.264 to p.268 in â€Å"Become an Active Reader† by Andrew D. Pinto, On 12 January 2010, at 16:53 local time, Haiti experienced a catastrophic magnitude-7.0 earthquake 25 kilometres west of the capital, Port-au-Prince. More than 220,000 people died and 2.3 million were displaced, while the magnitude-8.0 earthquake that struck Chile on 27 February 2010 resulted in fewer than 800 deaths, despite its higher magnitude. Why was Haiti’s experience so different? Most commentators have pointed to physical factors. However, although many have noted Haiti’s poverty and internal strife, only a few commentators have identified these as key determinants of the level of devastation caused by the earthquake. Even fewer have suggested looking at the historical record or where Haiti stands in the current world order for an explanation. What is considered â€Å"natural†, in the context of disasters such as Haiti’s, is seen as independent of human actions. Any analysis of such events must â€Å"denaturalize† them by examining the historic, political and economic contexts within which they occur. Without this, the humanitarian impulse informing international efforts to support Haiti’s recovery and development may serve to merely reinforce the historic relationship between wealthy countries and Haiti and may fuel continued underdevelopment. Knowledge of Haiti’s history is integral to an informed understanding of the earthquake and its outcome. Soon after Spanish colonized the island, native people vanished because of imported disease, malnutrition and maltreatment. Plantation of sugar cane became fields of misery for tens of thousands of trafficked African slaves, while Spain and France reaped the profits. The French Revolution triggered Haiti’s independence in 1804, which was the first example of slaves winning nationhood by their own resistance. However, with its economy ruined by revolutionary war, Haiti was forced to agree to unfair trading relationships with nations that refused to recognize its sovereignty. Throughout the 19th century, France, USA, German and Britain invade Haiti to deprive its national coffer. Foreign interference and political destabilization have continually undermined governance in Haiti. For example, USA enabled Haiti to pass the constitution that allows foreign ownership of lan d, and helped to emerge dictators such as â€Å"PaPa Doc† Duvalier and his son â€Å"Baby Doc† one after another. Western countries  supported them during â€Å"Cold War† ostensibly to fight against communism but also to support the interest of foreign companies who benefited from low-cost Haitian labour. Jean-Bertrand Aristide who was supported by the poor and working class was elected as the president in 1990 and 2000, but he was removed in a coup twice, because his popular reforms threatened the status quo of Haiti’s oligarchies and foreign interests. External forces played a role in both coups, leaving Haiti’s political health tenuous ever since. With this historical background in mind, one can examine the response of the global community to the 2010 earthquake. The immediate response by the international community succeeded in many ways. As a result of humanitarian impulse, no major epidemics have yet occurred in any of the camp but cholera. However, some aspects of the post-earthquake response have been problematic. Focus on the immediate humanitarian response appear s to have prevented a consideration of how the ground work for future development could be laid. At the time of publishing, the vast majority of those displaced are still living in tents or other temporary structures and over 95% of the rubble has yet to be cleared. The provision of the essential social services by the Haitian government is unlikely in the near future. The humanitarian impulse is too often fitful and fragmented. Furthermore, the involvement of high-income countries in the root causes of the devastation caused by â€Å"natural† disasters in low-income countries is rarely examined. So actual histories should replace the more palatable fictional histories that attempt to explain away wealthy nations’ past contributions to the persistent poverty in the world. Acknowledging actual histories may have little impact on the technical details of the initial emergency response, but it may make a difference in how relief efforts are subsequently carried out, particularly in the long-run. Appeals for funds can be combined with educational initiatives to explain to policymakers and the public why an event has occurred and how it relates to social, economic and political forces. Acknowledging the actual histories that have led to Haiti’s underdevelopment would require wealthy nations to probe their own political, social and economic involvement in Haiti’s underdevelopment. Although a laudable humanitarian impulse has driven relief efforts in Haiti, it alone is insufficient for the task of rebuilding the nation. In numerous countries where humanitarians operates including Haiti, respecting history  and seeing the connection between historic actions and present conditions is essential.

Reward system Essay

1. 1Executive summary: Pizza hut is an American restaurant that offers different styles of pizza along with side dishes pasta, Buffalo wings etc. it was founded in 1958 by the brothers Dan and Frank Carney in their hometown. And latter on they expand their business to all over the world. In Pakistan first branch of pizza hut was opened in 1993 in Clifton Karachi. It is the franchiser of MCR (MANZAR COORNAY RIAZ) (PVT) LTD that is now owned by Habib Oil. MANZAR RIAZ was the first person who franchises the pizza hut. Overall it has 25 branches in all over the country. During the past four decades Pizza Hut has built a reputation for excellence that has earned the respect of consumers in Pakistan. Building a leading pizza company has required relentless innovation, commitment to quality and dedication to customer service and value. We are going to study this organization in three phases (Analysis phase, Design phase and implementation phase). In Analysis phase, we are going to examine the organization culture, effect of IT and globalization, study of company reward systems. In design phase we are going to modify company reward system and policies regarding organization behavior towards its employees and customer dealing. In implementation phase we will introduce some changes in culture and behavioral policies 1. 2Company Profile: * History: Pizza hut is an American restaurant that offers different styles of pizza along with side dishes pasta, Buffalo wings etc. it was founded in 1958 by the brothers Dan and Frank Carney in their hometown. And latter on they expand their business to all over the world. * Vision: The vision of the PIZZA HUT is that â€Å"reach on the top of the peak to provide best service and taste† & â€Å"customer satisfaction† * PIZZA HUT MISSSION STATEMENT: We take pride in making a perfect pizza and providing customer a helpful service on all the time. so that every customer says â€Å"I will be back†. 1. 3Organizational chart: To be filled 1. 4Employee behavioral management policy: The management system of PIZZA HUT is very strong. No person can deviate from his duties that cause problem. It is in the mission statement of PIZZA HUT that every boss has a boss. So a check prevails on all the employee and they don’t derivate from their duties that cause any disturbance. 1. 5Methodologies used/business process: * Customer satisfaction: We listen and response to the voice of the customer. Belief in people: We believe in people, trust in positive intentions, encourage ideas from everyone and actively develop a workforce that is diverse in style and background. Recognition: We find reasons to celebrate the achievements of others and have fun doing it. Accountability: I. We do what we say II. We are accountable III. We act like owners Excellence: We take pride in our work and have a passion for excellence. 1. 6 Scope of Work: To be filled ANALYSIS PHASE/ IDENTIFICATION PHASE 2. 2Study of effects of IT and globalization of the organization: Now a day’s technology is improving so as baking and heating ovens will be of new and efficient technology and will provide efficient service. Due to new technology there are new ways of marketing like internet, telemarketing. With the help of internet Pizza hut can advertise their organization better (i. e. providing all information about their products to the customers just at one click). A telemarketing is also useful for Pizza hut in enhancing their business. A part from that Pizza Hut is using MIS (Managing information system) which is a computer based system and used to manage the data of the customer. 2. 4Identification of culture type and effects of culture on organizational performance: If we analyze Pizza hut’s culture then we may say that Pizza Hut is an organization which presents the role culture. As everyone is assigned a role to do in the organization all the employees focus on their particular role as assigned to them by their job description and this should increase productivity for the company From top to bottom every one is participating in making Pizza Hut a successful organization. Either cure members or the manager is playing a role in the organization. 2. 5Analysis of organizational reward systems (monetary and non monetary) * Monetary rewards: Reward System The system of pay and benefits used by the firm to reward workers * Flexibly at work * Holiday’s work allowance CHAMPS Program Pizza Hut introduce a new program, that is CHAMPS for check on worker and on the bases of this program they give them bonuses. * C-clearness * H-hospitality * A-accuracy * M-maintenance * P-product quality * S-speed * Non- Monitory rewards: 2. 8Study of managerial communication processes: Managerial communication is the communication of the managers to their employees. And just like other organizations in Pizza Hut this communication is also a one way communication means only managers is allowed to give the order to his employees and it is compulsory to the employees as described in their job descriptions. On the other hand employee can give order to the managers he just have to listen and obey the order. This is the duty of the employee. 2. 9How many organizational benefits are provided by organizational management?

Real Life Situation

My Real Life Situation Back home, I was working as a teaching assistant ,and still is, with limited authorities. At the end of the semester, we usually have the finals week. Our department starts to fall apart as usual, the schedule was a mess; in one day we have 4 exams and on the other day none. It’s a typical end of the semester when all this madness happens , and we struggle every semester to find a solution. This usually happens because of our head department lack of attention or lack of management skills due to his soft personality.I talked to him and asked him if I can step up and fix it once and for all by bringing a standard test schedule that can last for many semesters where no proctors/students will face any troubles in terms of knowing their schedule and the classes . after a long discussion with the head department, he finally decided to give me his permission. I knew that this was my chance to show him my sense of leadership. So I started to define my strategy a nd how am I going to solve this problem.I put a list for all courses and the name of professors whom are teaching it, then ,I put a second list with all the classes rooms In the building, furthermore, I put a third list with all the proctors names that we have in staff . Finaly , I organized the schedule besd upon the priority and student /proctors necessity. I gathered the staff and show them the new changes in a theme that show how simple the procedure will be in the future if we followed the new enhanced schedule. ven thought we had some disagreements in terms of proctors duties and dates, I managed to solve them and at the end every one know his responsibility and was pleased with the solution . My university is stil using my planned schedule and never made any changes in the past three years which means that my plans worked flawlessly . In this dilemma I used a persuasive technique to persuade the committee about how importnant is to have a standerd agenda for future years whic h can help students to prepare ahead to their tests and for proctors to know their duties upfront .I explained also to the committee that I added a pack up plan for proctos in case one of them had to take a day off or missed a test day for personal excuse by easy switch from one proctor to another which defintly worked to my benefit and their agreement. In conclusion, I learned that Good listening is essential for good management so listening to others opinions and suggestions will help you to reach a full agreement thus gaining the respect from others because of paying attention to their needs.

Sales Promotional Campaign of Turkish Airlines Essay

Sales Promotional Campaign of Turkish Airlines - Essay Example Because of the company's success in capturing a larger volume of passenger as compared in 2006, and aims to increase the passenger traffic by 28% this year. (Focus on Travel News, 2007a) For this study, the student will concentrate on examining and analyzing the sales promotion campaign that has occurred in Turkish Airlines over the past two years. In the process of discussing the sales promotional campaigns made by Turkish Airlines, the student will concentrate on applying the marketing principles in each promotional activity that will be discussed in the study. The main purpose of sales promotion is to stimulate consumers' interest in developing a long-term business relationship with the airline company. (Kotler, 2000: p. 598) As a result of providing the general public with free management-advisory service with regards to the products and services offered by Turkish Airlines, sales manager are expected to develop sales promotional strategies that could attract new customers and/or frequent brand switchers. In most cases, this can be done by offering the public with low price yet high quality services. As soon as sales managers are able to capture a portion of its target market, managers should be able to satisfy the customers' individual needs to increase loyalty of its customers. For Turkish Airlines to be able to develop and implement effective sales promotional activities, sales managers should carefully identify its target market and target audience for each sales promotional campaign. Even though the target markets of Turkish Airlines are the local and international travellers, a large portion of its sales have been reported to be coming from the local citizens of Turkey. (Ogutcu, 1998) For this reason, the company should also focus on reaching the international markets to enable the company increase its global market shares. Offers '111 on Specific Destinations Since December 2006, Turkish Airlines declared to offer a one-month special destination sales promotional campaign at '111 on economy class and '333 on business class each month. (Focus on Travel News, 2007c, 2007e, 2007h, 2007i) By publicly announcing special destination promo throughout the entire month, Turkish Airlines was able to effectively capture the interests of the local citizens

Improve implement of transport route planning in SMEs Company in Literature review

Improve implement of transport route planning in SMEs Company in Thailand - Literature review Example This role is thus played by transport route planning players, who get the information to the right people, at the right time, and the right cost – as most of these service packages are offered over the internet and accessible to the general public (Niekerk and Voogd 1999; Paulus, Krch and Scholz 2006; National Public Health Partnership 2001). 1. TRANSPORT ROUTE PLANNING 1.1 Definition of transport route planning A transport route planner is a dedicated electronic search engine system, which is used to find the most appropriate journey between two different locations using some mode of transport. Transport route planners have received wide usage in the travel and transport business and industry in general, since the 1970s. These models are run by booking agents, who are accessed over a user interface model from a computer terminal (Oliveira and Ribeiro 2001; Jassen 1992). The services of these agents are supplemented by call support centers, which offer information on transport means and models. With the continued development and usage of the internet, self-service internet-based transport route planner interfaces have been developed, for use by a given client populations or the general public. Transport route planners are most times used together with reservation systems and ticketing models, or simply to offer information on schedule information. Transport route planning is a model of journey planning, which is carried out to offer information on available transport models (Nelson, Lain and Dillenburg 1993; Powell, et al. 1993). Recently, transport route planning services have been offered over the internet, where the process prompts the entry of information on destinations and places of origin – which are processed using the transport route planning engine to locate a route between the two locations entered into the planning interface. Examples of transport route planning include those of municipal authorities, which oversee the running of rail or bus travel. For instance, there is the case of the London tube route planning, which encompasses the organization of trip planning going through the London tube. In the case of London, there are multimodal route planning services, including those offering cycling travel services. 2. TRANSPORT ROUTE STRATEGY 2.1 Definition of Transport route planning strategy Transport route planning strategy is the formulation of a transport route blueprint, which is created and expected to serve the improvement of the wellbeing and successful everyday travel planning among the community members of a given society, in this case Thailand. The strategy involves set targets related to the development and provision of information on strategic routes, among other available routines along different cities, streets and corridors in the shortest time possible. This involves strategic infrastructure, which covers the area of ensuring that the provision of social and economic infrastructure and information on these resources is adjusted to meet population growth needs and need equitability. The importance of strategic transport route planning is outlined within the context of a number of areas and subjects (Pereira and Perez 2000; Render et al. 2006). These include

Social intelligence Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Social intelligence - Case Study Example There are several ways to keep staff motivated, confident and happy while working, for instance, using rewards or incentives for every job well done. It is suitable for me as the employer to align my own personal economic interests with those of the business (Albrecht, 2006). This will automatically boost my employee’s motivational factor to work even harder with the intention of getting more rewards. This is despite how small or simple a reward may appear similar to a star on the wall or a greater reward. This prompts an employee to work even hard while in quest of competing with fellow peers, hence increase one’s morale and influences the entire workforce (Albrecht, 2006). Another way is by being a leader who leads his employees by example. As the head of the business, I should be true to the business ethics and uphold its brand (Albrecht, 2006). Employees should view me as a role model and put as much effort as I do in successfully running the business. I should show enthusiasm in new projects, display love for the job and ready to take new challenges (Albrecht, 2006). This makes the staff think positively of me and feel secure while working for the business to realize its targets. In addition, I will keep an open working relationship with my employees and let them know their ideas are all important for the business (Albrecht, 2006). I will also offer privileges and few benefits to the workers to know I mind about their welfare and keep them motivated (Albrecht, 2006). These kinds of motivators no matter how small they may appear to them create a big impact where in turn redirect their motivation back to the business. This is through diverse ways like offering breaks for watching television in the office, ordering various supply of fruits for the staff or a half price discount for workers interested in purchasing products from the business. It is also important to motivate employees independently besides motivating them as a group. There are di verse approaches to raising the morale of staff members in a business, for example, by taking an interest in the employees’ future career plans and their balance between work as well as private life. All employees feel appreciated and motivated when they know their leader is mindful of their career plans. I would only achieve this by offering advice to the staff, mentoring them and offering additional training to them for better skills. In addition, I would also assist them in balancing their work and private lives through diverse strategies. For instance, creating a flexible and friendly schedule for all staff and being considerate in personal as well as family commitments incase they arise, for instance, doctor appointments. All employees require public praise. For a job well performed, I praise and commend on the task in front of all the stuff members. Besides, I would run a â€Å"no blame culture† among all the employees. When any worker does not get something righ t, I recommend that they should not blame the person but analyze the issue and establish a solution prior to the business failing. The latter encourages initiative and innovation among the staff, which is extremely essential step of a successful enterprise. 2. Responses or feedbacks are fundamental in changing someone believes and points of view towards a particular issue. In addition, conversation

Interview Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Interview Paper - Essay Example In modern organizations, the HR department considered to be of strategic importance. The concept of SHRM (strategic human resource management) is now widely acknowledged and applied. SHRM links human resource management with the strategic management of a company (Uysal, 2013). Despite these developments, human resource management has continued to experience growing challenges. This has been mainly because of the changes affecting it. For example, globalization has affected human resource management in various ways. Today, organizations have to deal with employees from different countries and cultures. Moreover, organizations have to deal with different age groups of employees including the old generations and the young generations. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the management of gender and generational issues in the workplace. The paper is based on an interview with a former colleague who is called Cherry. She is the training manager in the HR department at Sheraton Donggua n Hotel in China. Cherry is a female. She works in with other people in the hotel. In terms of gender ratio, the hotel has more female employees than men. Out of the eight employees, seven are female and one is male. This means that there is gender imbalance because only one male employee works with seven female employees. As the training manager in HR department, Cherry often deals with these employees. Her role involves identifying the training needs for the employees and organizing training programs for them. Therefore, she meets with them often. Although Cherry is female, she prefers working with the male employees. Apparently, she considers male and female employees to be quite different. According to her, male employees are more rational in their thinking and generous. However, Cherry feels that women are more emotional, which often affects their

Robert Henri Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Robert Henri - Essay Example During summers, he could paint in Barbizon and Brittany, and visited Italy before gaining admission to the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in the year1891. Late that year, he went back to Philadelphia and in the year 1892, he went on with his studies in the academy. Moreover, he started his lengthy and great career as a teacher of art at the School of Design for Women and he taught here until the year 1895. While here, he came across the youthful newspaper illustrators who would later become famous affiliates of ‘The Eight’: Everett Shinn William Glackens, John Sloan and George Luks. Henri regularly visited Paris where Frans Hals, Diego Velazquez and Edouard Manet were his greatest source of inspiration. In the year 1899, one of his paintings was bought for the Musee National du Luxembourg. This was one year after having married Linda Craige (Margaret and Horowitz Raymond, para1). According to Adams, Henri’s painting portraits were often of different ethnic types such as Chi nese, Native American, African-American, and Irish. He also painted many pictures of dancers and when describing the principles of vital art, he often pointed to Isadora Duncan. In the year 1900, Henri decided to settle in New York and he got a teaching job at the New York School of Art where he worked from 1902-1908. Slowly, he started rejecting the academic painting as well as impressionism’s discreet traditions, turning his focus on urban realist themes produced in a bold, painterly style. In the year 1906, Henri was nominated to the National Academy of Design, and during that summer, he tutored in Spain. Following the academy’s refusal to exhibit works by Henri's circle during its annual show in 1907; he decided to arrange an independent show and in February 1908, he held the famous exhibition of ‘The Eight’ at the Macbeth Gallery. In the same year, he married Marjorie Organ the illustrator, as his second wife. In the year1910, he prepared the first â €˜Exhibition of Independent Artists’ and in 1913 played a peripheral role in the organization of the Armory Show by the Association of American Sculptors and Painters. Between the year 1911 and 1919, Henri also organized jury-free exhibitions at the MacDowell Club. Despite the fact that he kept on winning many awards, the influence that Henri had as a progressive creative leader started diminishing following the rise of American and European modernism and he came to be recognized only as part of the artistic enterprise. Nevertheless, his work during his visits to Southwest presented some of the most inventive and innovative of his career. The beginning of one of Henri’s most innovative eras began in the summer of 1914 when he took a trip to La Jolla, California (Margaret & Horowitz, para2, and Leeds, para9). Margaret & Horowitz explain that he lectured at the Art Students League from the year 1915 to 1927. Although personal expression underlines all the creative end eavors of Robert Henri, his portraiture, the painting mode for which he is infamous, explicitly manifest it. Henri’s work went by Thomas Eakins’ realist tradition, an artist for whom he had the utmost admiration. He believed that Eakins was America’s greatest painter of portrait. Henri’s paintings were principally single-figure masterpieces that directly confront the

Kite Runner of Khaled Hosseini Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Kite Runner of Khaled Hosseini - Essay Example Comparison between Amir and Hassan The comparison between Amir and Hassan shows that Amir is a jealous person as opposed to Hassan. This is because, whenever Amir sees his father loving Hassan more than him, he gets jealous. As a result, he seeks methods aimed at attracting his father’s affection by trying hard and winning the local kite-running tournament. To ensure that he remains alone with his in their home, he frames Hassan as a thief by planting some money and a watch under his mattress so that when his father finds out Hassan is a thief, he will force him out of the family. In addition to jealousy, Amir is cold and a coward. For instance, when Hassan takes long after going to look for the blue kite, he goes searching for him and when he finds him in the hands of Assef who bullies Hassan and sexually abuses him, he does not help him (36). Besides, he hides and watches helplessly but thinking if he does get the blue kite to his father, he will approve him. In the other en d, Hassan is a true successful kite runner. Hassan is also a brave boy and loving friend. For instance, when Assef tries to attack Amir, he steps forward to defend Amir simply because he is brave and a caring friend for he defends his closest friend Amir. Similarities between Amir and Hassan The novel portrays Amir and Hassan as closest friends despite Hassan being a Hazarajat and therefore not allowed to stay close to Amir traditionally. The novel gives a number of similarities between Amir and Hassan. For example, within the context of their close friendship just as portrayed in part of the novel, it is deducible that both Amir and Hassan are friendly (44). Hassan is a Hazarajat and their tradition does not approve of his friendship with Amir. On the other side, Hassan does many things to help Amir due to their friendship. He defends him from bullies and helps him win the local kite-running tournament (59). All this happens because they are both friendly. When Amir returns to Paki stan after Rahim Khan who is ailing calls him, he establishes something that portrays another similarity between him and Hassan. Khan tells Amir that, for all that time he was not aware but as of that time, he knows. Khan is certain that Ali was not the true father of Hassan; his real father was Baba, Amir’s father. On that note, Amir finds out that Hassan was his half brother and they both shared the same biological father. This shows that, apart from being closest friends, they are also brothers. It is therefore agreeable that Amir and Hassan have another thing in common which is, they share the same father (64). Furthermore, both Hassan and Amir have talents. The novel portrays Hassan as a talented kite runner while Amir has talent in locating where the kite will fall even without looking. Thus, their talents are also part of the similarities that they share. How do their differences ruin their relationship? Amir and Hassan relate as friends and share the same home. Howeve r, they are not relatives. Baba, Amir’s father is rich and Amir gets almost everything that he wants. Hassan on the other hand ails from a poor family and can only get what is necessary. Since Amir feels that his father does not love him as much as he loves Hassan, he resolves to do things that ruin his relationship with Hassan. For examp

Are Maya archaeologists justified in their condemnation of Gibsons Essay

Are Maya archaeologists justified in their condemnation of Gibsons movie Apocalypto - Essay Example However with the release of the film, there was created a huge controversy; with the native Americans, social activists, and various archaeologists working on Mayan civilization, protesting the representation of the Mayan people in this movie â€Å"as violent and depraved† (ibid). In his defense Mel Gibson had commented that this movie is not really historical, and uses the Mayan civilization as â€Å"merely the backdrop [that was required for representing] civilizations and what undermines them† (Johnson, 2005). In my article I will explore the controversy that started at the time of the release of the movie, and review the various commentaries and statements made by the archaeologists at this time about the inaccuracies that were evident in the movie. My article will also do a brief review of the movie, and study the Mayan civilization, to understand the misrepresentations that were supposedly made in this film. After exploring and analyzing the various facts and info rmation surrounding this controversy, I will finally come to a conclusion as to whether the Maya archaeologists are really justified in their condemnation of the movie Apocalypto. A brief review of the movie: The movie starts with the above given quote by Durant, allegorically referring to the fall of the Mayan empire at the hands of the Spaniards. Directed by Mel Gibson, this movie stars Rudy Youngblood as the male protagonist (whose screen name is Jaguar Paw), and it purportedly depicts the last phase of the Mayan civilization. The movie is set in the 16th century pre Columbian era; before the Spanish invasion had conquered and destroyed evidences of this ancient Native American civilization. At the start of the movie we find Jaguar Paw hunting in the forests along with his father Flint Sky (village head) and other members of his tribe. Here they meet a group of fleeing refugees, whose lands had been ravaged by their enemies, and their state of distress and fear leave a strong

Management in context Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Management in context - Essay Example A content theory on the other hand defines motivation in terms of the satisfaction of needs. Examples of process theories are the Adams’ Equity theory and the Victor Vroom’s expectancy Theory while examples of content theories are the Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs theory, Fredrick Herberg’s Two Factor Theory and the ERG Theory by Clayton P. Alderfer. The two types of motivation theories not only differ in their definitions of motivation but also in the idea of the applicability of motivation towards work. The Content Theories pay more attention to the identification of the needs of individuals and how these needs are given priority. These theories have more concern for the different types of incentives that give people the drive to attain certain goals. The Content Theories offer a logical approach to understanding motivation, and are easy to understand. They are easily applicable to a real life scenario. The Process theories on the other hand offer a theoretical set of solutions towards the understanding of work motivation. Victor Vroom’s expectancy model and further extensions by Lawler and Porter assist in providing an explanation of the presence of essential cognitive variables in the human body and how they coordinate with each other to create the process of work motivation. Lawler and Porter’s model also looks deeper into the relationship that exists between performance of an act and satisfaction gained by performing such an action. In a nutshell, the Process Theories place more concern on the identification of the variables that contribute to motivation with how they relate with one another being of even greater importance. Abraham Maslow came up with the thought that human needs which can lead to a desire to undertake an activity can be put in a particular order to form a hierarchy of probability of occurrence and pre-potency. This theory assumes

Air Pressure in Footballs Essay Example for Free

Air Pressure in Footballs Essay What is the relationship between feedback from air pressure of a football to the performance of a athlete? Alex Long Purpose The purpose for my experiment is to work out scientifically whether the air pressure inside a football effects the performance of a sports performer. There are several different types and brands of footballs all with different structures and pressure recommended for the ball. It would be interesting to find out the differences between the different companies and whether the air pressure inside makes a big difference in improving performance. Hypothesis My expected results from my experiments to answer the question is that the air pressure which will be best for performance will be around the recommended air pressure but slightly lower as I think that through personal experience to is easier to kick a flatter ball than it is to kick a very hard ball. I think that the most interesting part of the experiment is to see whether different air pressure in different brands of football make a huge amount of difference because the balls could all basically the same with just a logo stuck on the front of the ball. The Experiment Independent- what I am changing: I am changing the air pressure between the experiments and I will be changing the brand of football. Dependent- what I am measuring: The performance of a performer while kicking a ball with different air pressures inside. Controlled- what is staying the same: I will keep the same pump and pressure gauge so that I have the same readings. The air temperature in the room and also the altitude I carry out the experiment. Finally I will also keep the same athlete to under take every exercise. Material and Apparatus 1x Sports Hall 3 different types of footballs 1x Pump with a pressure gauge 1x Athlete 1x Thermometer 1x Football goals 1x Stopwatch 25 Cones Method 1)Set out 3 challenges for the Athlete to complete 2)The first will be to kick the ball from a cone 12 steps from a football goal and the  have to hit cones either corner of the goal. 3)The second will be a dribbling exercise to test the players control on the ball. 10  cones will be set up in a line each one foot in front of each other and the player  has to slalom through them. 4)The third and final test will test the control of the player. I will through the ball into  the air and get them to control it on their chest and pass in through two cones  which are 2 steps away from each other. The player will stand 10 steps away  from the cones. 5)For each test I will record how many times they complete the task out of 10  attempts. 6)Finally I will repeat this with each ball and at the different air pressures. I will have  a base test at the recommend psi the ball manufacture gives. 7)After this all completed I will ask the athlete which he felt was better to get this  feedback on the balls and the air pressure

Effect of Various Factors on DNA of Human Sperms

Effect of Various Factors on DNA of Human Sperms In vitro study of the effect of various factors on DNA of Human sperms Dave Avani1, Jain NK1, Patel Himanshu 2, Patel Madhuri 2, Bhatt Vidisha 2, Patel Komal2, Mallick Sarada3, *Srivastava Pradeep 3 Abstract Aim: Effect of various clinical compound and environmental conditions were studied for the in vitro fragmentation of the human sperm DNA, as well on the quality of semen samples. Method: The semen samples obtained from different males were then treated further to check the effects of the chemicals taken into consideration. The effects were studied through sperm chromatin dispersion test. Results: Primary results showed that the antibiotic tetracycline was the most effective chemical causing DNA damage, as compared to the other chosen compounds. Conclusion: The study concludes that the tetracycline drug is more efficient then the others in causing fragmentation of the DNA. Keywords: Sperm DNA, Fragmentation, Tetracycline, Sperm Chromatin Dispersion Test. INTRODUCTION The germ line is the most sensitive of all and can be considered as a good candidate for the measurement of the effects caused by the compounds of choice [1-4]. Today infertility is linked to many reasons such as mutation in the sperms or the egg, irradiation, and certain chemicals such as food additives, packaging materials, heat etc. Many articles have been put forward proving the adverse effects of these chemicals on the germ line especially the sperms and its DNA. The paternal genome in mammalian spermatozoa is condensed in a manner that is specific to the cell type presumably to protect the DNA during the transit from the male to the oocyte prior to fertilization. Damaged DNA has been observed in testicular, epididymal and ejaculated sperm. Temporary nicks have been observed in the sperm which were, linked to the topoisomerases activity, facilitate histone-protamine replacement, but if these nicks are not fixed they would evolve into DNA fragmentation on mature sperm [5]. Bisphenol A (BPA) used to make plastics and epoxy resins mainly comes through diet is an organic compound with the chemical formula (CH3)2C(C6H4OH)2[6-8]. It is part of the bisphenols group of chemical compounds with two hydroxyphenyl functionalities. It is a colourless solid that is soluble in organic solvents, but poorly soluble in water. Many studies also have shown that BPA has estrogenic activity in several in vitro and in vivo preparations [8-10]. Monosodium glutamate, also known as sodium glutamate or MSG, is the sodium salt of glutamic acid, one of the most abundant naturally occurring non-essential amino acids[11-13]. Industrial food manufacturers market and use MSG as a flavour enhancer because it balances, blends and rounds the total perception of other tastes. Many experiments have been carried out which have shown the harmful effects of excessive intake of MSG on the development of seminiferous tubules as well as the spermatids[14-15]. The tetracyclines are a family of antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis by preventing the attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA to the ribosomal acceptor (A) site. Tetracyclines are broad-spectrum agents, exhibiting activity against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, a typical organisms commonly given in treatment[10, 16].Many studies in the past indicated that when rats were administered a significant amount of Tetracycline on daily basis the animals showed a decreased level of testosterone ultimately affecting the development of the leydig cell. No direct relationship has been observed till date on changes in the humans but many studies are being carried out to study the detrimental effects of tetracycline on human sperm cells and its DNA[17] (fig.1). Fig.1.Molecular structure of compounds: a) Molecular structure of Bisphenol A, b) Molecular structure of Monosodium Glutamate c) Molecular structure of Tetracycline. MATERIALS AND METHODS Materials Sample analysis was done for the healthy men between the ages 25-30 yrs. The inclusion criteria were only healthy men with the age between 25-30 yrs considered. On the hand exclusion criteria of the male were they should free from various diseases like Diabetes, Blood Pressure, Tuberculosis, Sexual Dysfunction Cardiac problems. The samples collected from Stem Cure Pvt Ltd, Centre for Reproductive Medicine Stem cell Development, Ahmedabad, India. The study approved by the Ethical Committee of the Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat (India). Sample preparation: 10 semen samples of perfectly healthy male were collected at a collection centre in a sterile jar and were brought to the laboratory. Direct swim-up technique was utilised for preparing the sperm cells for the analysis[18]. The sperm debris including the dead sperm cells was removed prior using by centrifuging the sample in a Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) medium at 1000 rpm for 10 minutes[19]. The sperm pellet obtained was overlaid with PBS and incubated at 37oC and the supernatant containing the motile sperms were used for the assay. Effect of heat was comparing with normal cells discussed later in the discussion section. Chemicals: Bisphenol A (BPA), Tetracycline, Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) , concentrated HCl, 0.4M Tris, 1% ÃŽ ² mercaptoethanol, 50mM EDTA, 1% SDS (sodium dodecyl sulphate), pH 7.5 was used for making Lysis I, 0.4M Tris, 2M NaCl, 1% SDS, pH 7.5 was used for making Lysis II[20], 0.09M Tris borate, 0.002M EDTA, pH 7.5 was used for making the wash buffer and pure ethanol. 0.4 gm, 0.6 gm, 0.8 gm of Tetracycline, MSG, BPA were dissolved in 100 ml of Double Distilled Water (DDW) to get 4%, 6% and 8% of concentration. Individual studies of samples were conducted using individual chemicals separately. Physical analysis of Semen: Semen sample were physically analysed after the liquefaction, and viscosity were checked by observing the droplets falling from a disposable plastic pipette. Vitality Staining: The semen sample was studied for the presence of any unwanted materials using vitality staining test. The sample was mixed and a smear was prepared on a glass slide along with eosin-nigrosin stain and was observed under the microscope at 100X magnification after the smear dried completely. The live sperm heads were seen white in colour while the dead sperm heads were stained as pink. Analysis of DNA fragmentation using the SCD Test: Slides precoated with 1% agarose were used as a base slide. Final concentration of 15-20 million sperms were mixed with 1% low melting point agarose overlaid onto base slide and covered with coverslip[21]. The slides were kept at 4 °C to get the gel solidified and later the coverslips were removed carefully. No reduction was observed, however minute reduction was there maintained with PBS. Chemicals of different concentrations i.e. 4%, 6%, and 8% (Tetracycline, MSG and BPA should be prepared freshly prior to the analysis). The slides were kept in these individual solution for time 1.5hrs and 3hrs respectively, study effect of heat was made by heating the agar mixed sample containing the slides of sperm the agar bath was heated at 45oC 55oC and 60oC. After the incubation period the slides were immediately removed and dipped in 0.08N HCl for 7minutes. The slides were then kept for Lysis in two cycles of 10 minutes followed by 5 minutes respectively. The slides were then washed with PBS buffer and dehydrated with 70%, 90% and 100% ethanol for 2minutes respectively. The slides were allowed to dry and are then observed under visible light using geimsa stain [5, 22]. RESULT Semen Analysis: The result of physical analysis of semen is as shown in Table 1. The semen samples studied were free of any contaminants and appeared normal. The pre and post wash count were also carried out which showed that the semen samples were perfectly healthy. The viscosity and the volume of each sample under study were within the normal range as suggested by the world health organisation standard. Analysis of DNA fragmentation using the SCD (Sperm Chromatin Dispersion) Test The SCD test carried out depict the effect of the chosen compounds on the sperm DNA which are represented as below. (A) Effect of Heat:- Sperm sample were subjected to heat treatment in water bath for 1.5 hrs at the temperature of 45oC and 55oC, where normal temperature of 28oC was used as control. The results are shown in fig 2.0. (B) Effect of Chemicals:-The studies were made on the percentage damage observed after chemical treatment to the sperm cells for 1.5 hrs and 3hrs of incubation time. Fig 3.0 and 4.0 depict the effect of tetracycline, BPA and MSG on sperm cells for 1.5 hrs and 3.0 hrs of incubation time respectively. Sperm cells without chemicals but buffer solution were taken as control. Various concentrations of chemicals viz, 4 – 8% was taken for the study. It was observed that tetracycline causes the maximum damage of about 92.4% after an incubation time 3hrs at 8% concentration, while the treatment with heat, monosodium glutamate and bisphenol exhibit a maximum damage of 55.6% at 55 °C, 55% and 44% respectively after an incubation time of 3hrs at 8% concentration. Table.1. Physical analysis of semen Fig.2.Effect of Heat Treatment on sperm cells Fig.3.Effect of Chemicals on sperm cells (incubation time 1.5h) Fig.4.Effect of Chemical on sperm cells (incubation time 3 h) Table.2.Anova Method DISCUSSION Statistical Data Analysis: The table 2.0 depicts below is the statistical representation of the data obtained after the SCD test. Anova test was applied using t-Test Software (Excel). It shows that the data obtained from the SCD are significant and valid. P=0.05, It was significant at 55 °C. Control groups are healthy individuals where sperm cells were preserved and treated at 28 °C without additive chemicals (MSG, BPA, and Tetracycline). Samples collected from the normal subjects. The table exhibit that F value of Tetracycline Bisphenol A and MSG are 22.24, 13.435 and 14.405 respectively the observation are significant Thus it can be said that the hypothesis given by the author is correct i.e. It was significant. Tetracycline gives a higher percentage of damage to the DNA of the sperm cells in vitro. Image Analysis of Damage after the Treatment The figures.5 (a to f) given were obtained after under a visible light observation. The figures below show the extent of damage caused by the treatment given to the cell after 3hrs of incubation. The halos seen represent the extent of damage i.e. large halos represent less damage while the cells without any halos represent the most damaged cell. The control slide cells have a normal halo around which depicts healthy DNA while the cells seen in tetracycline treated cells lack the halo which shows that the DNA of the sperm cells have been damaged to a greater extent. The slide treated with Bisphenol A shows a less amount of damaged cell in comparison to that of Tetracycline. The least damage has been in the sample treated at 45 °C shown by large halos around the cells. Hence from these figures it can be said that the tetracycline treatment produces the highest damage to the DNA of sperm cells. Fig.5.Image Analysis of Damage: a) Control Slide, b) Tetracycline at 8% concentration after 3hrs of incubation, c) Bisphenol A at 8% concentration after 3hrs of incubation, d) Monosodium Glutamate at 8% concentration after 3hrs of incubation , e) Effect of temperature at 45oC f) Effect of temperature at 55 °C CONCLUSION The study concludes that the drug tetracycline used for antibiotics for patients is proven to cause damage to the sperm DNA along with monosodium glutamate which is a flavour enhancing substance, as well as Bisphenol A which is a component of food packaging materials such as plastic bottles, feeder bottles etc. Though the exact mechanism by which the DNA is being affected is not known it can be said that exposing the sperm with the highest concentration of the above considered chemicals can be one of the many reasons which cause DNA damage which may lead to infertility in the present lifestyle. These observations also lead to conclude that the drug tetracycline is more effective then the others in causing fragmentation of the DNA and hence affecting its integrity. References 1.Agarwal, A. and T.M. Said, Role of sperm chromatin abnormalities and DNA damage in male infertility. Human Reproduction Update, 2003. 9(4): p. 331-345. 2.Ward, M.A. and W.S. Ward, A model for the function of sperm DNA degradation. Reproduction, Fertility and Development, 2004. 16(5): p. 547-554. 3.Graham, C., Reproductive biology of the great apes: comparative and biomedical perspectives. 2012: Elsevier. 4.Gonzà ¡lez-Marà ­n, C., J. Gosà ¡lvez, and R. Roy, Types, causes, detection and repair of DNA fragmentation in animal and human sperm cells. International journal of molecular sciences, 2012. 13(11): p. 14026-14052. 5.Fernà ¡ndez, J.L., et al., The sperm chromatin dispersion test: a simple method for the determination of sperm DNA fragmentation. Journal of andrology, 2003. 24(1): p. 59-66. 6.Allard, P. and M.P. Colaià ¡covo, Bisphenol A impairs the double-strand break repair machinery in the germline and causes chromosome abnormalities. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2010. 107(47): p. 20405-20410. 7.Sakaue, M., et al., Bisphenol-A affects spermatogenesis in the adult rat even at a low dose. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH-ENGLISH EDITION-, 2001. 43(4): p. 185-190. 8.Kundakovic, M. and F.A. Champagne, Epigenetic perspective on the developmental effects of bisphenol A. Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2011. 25(6): p. 1084-1093. 9.Calafat, A.M., et al., Exposure of the US population to Bisphenol A and 4-tertiary-Octylphenol: 2003-2004. Environmental health perspectives, 2008: p. 39-44. 10.Ye, X., et al., Potential external contamination with bisphenol A and other ubiquitous organic environmental chemicals during biomonitoring analysis: an elusive laboratory challenge. Environmental health perspectives, 2013. 121(3): p. 283-286. 11.Ismail, N., Assessment of DNA Damage in Testes from Young Wistar Male Rat Treated with Monosodium Glutamate. Life Science Journal, 2012. 9(1). 12.Belluardo, N. and M. Bindoni, Effects of early destruction of the mouse arcuate nucleus by monosodium glutamate on age-dependent natural killer activity. Brain research, 1990. 534(1): p. 225-233. 13.Walker, R. and J.R. Lupien, The safety evaluation of monosodium glutamate. The Journal of nutrition, 2000. 130(4): p. 1049S-1052S. 14.Yamaguchi, S. and C. Takahashi, Interactions of monosodium glutamate and sodium chloride on saltiness and palatability of a clear soup. Journal of Food Science, 1984. 49(1): p. 82-85. 15.Là ¶liger, J., Function and importance of glutamate for savory foods. The Journal of nutrition, 2000. 130(4): p. 915S-920S. 16.Hargreaves, C.A., et al., Effects of co-trimoxazole, erythromycin, amoxycillin, tetracycline and chloroquine on sperm function in vitro. Human reproduction, 1998. 13(7): p. 1878-1886. 17.Tortora, G.J. and B.H. Derrickson, Principles of anatomy and physiology. 2008: John Wiley Sons. 18.Parrish, J., A. Krogenaes, and J. Susko-Parrish, Effect of bovine sperm separation by either swim-up or Percoll method on success of in vitro fertilization and early embryonic development. Theriogenology, 1995. 44(6): p. 859-869. 19.LASSO, J.L., et al., Mechanism of superoxide dismutase loss from human sperm cells during cryopreservation. Journal of andrology, 1994. 15(3): p. 255-265. 20.Chohan, K.R., et al., Comparison of chromatin assays for DNA fragmentation evaluation in human sperm. Journal of andrology, 2006. 27(1): p. 53-59. 21.Enciso, M., et al., Infertile men with varicocele show a high relative proportion of sperm cells with intense nuclear damage level, evidenced by the sperm chromatin dispersion test. Journal of andrology, 2006. 27(1): p. 106-111. 22.Agarwal, A. and S.S. Allamaneni, Sperm DNA damage assessment: a test whose time has come. Fertility and sterility, 2005. 84(4): p. 850-853. 1

Video game addiction

Video game addiction Video Games; is it really an Addiction? There are many addictions out there among us in the world and each addiction has been known to cause problems. The definition of addiction can be many things, but in this particular research paper I am going to discuss Video game Addictions. Specifically World of Warcraft gaming addictions and what this addiction does to the gamers life. Such as not socializing outside of the game and also people who let this addiction get so bad that it interferes with relationships and even their marriages. Video game addiction is an excessive use of computer video games in which one lets the addiction interfere with normal daily life. In this research paper I will use my own experiences along with facts of this addiction and what the effects on real life of a World of Warcraft player. I will also have a one on one interview with someone I believe to be a World of Warcraft addict. The Culprit WOW (World of Warcraft) is a (MMORPG) or Massive Multiplayer Online Role Playing Game. Millions of people from all over the world play together and create groups and quest thru the game to get the best gear and to just be the best in game. This game is setup with monthly subscription fees whether you play or not you get billed. WOW also has a game card system which allows gamers to buy time in advance. The only downfall to this is you pay you play otherwise money is being wasted when youre not playing Many gamers continually play and play to keep up with their online friends and when I say keep up I am referring to levels of ones character or achievements in-game. The dazzling effects of the water look so real and graphical details of terrain and characters are magnificent. Gamers do not want to be left behind; I know I never wanted to be left behind. I played for hours on end trying to keep up with everyone and eventually I realized this has to end. Problems were on the horizon and I seen them coming. I can write even more about why people are drawn to play WOW for hours on end but I want to know how this addiction is affecting their lives outside of WOW. Who is Addicted? I have read many articles on this particular topic and find that this is not only common with young youth but also with adults. Gender is also not an issue. Do people realize they are spending too much time involved in a fantasy world? Do people who play see no problems at all? Its all about self control and setting priorities first, but unfortunately gamers usually do not have anything prioritized. While over time this excessive misuse can lead to bigger problems down the road. Also keep in mind that World of Warcraft has 11,000,000 million monthly subscribers that pay to play this game as much as they can. Most people believe that its normal for kids to play video games, but not all day every day. Excessive gaming in kids can lead to many social problems from disobedience with parents to kids actually withdrawing themselves with the real world to play in a fantasy one. Adults are also addicts when it comes to video games. Their ages range from 18-50 years old who actively play this game on a daily basis, while older players keep their video gaming a secret from others. Why do people get addicted? There are many, many articles and journals on this particular topic that talk about WOW addicts and there consequences. What I fail to see in my research are questions such as: Why are people addicted to these games? Is it really an addiction? Is it because real life is somewhat stressful and playing this game places one in a fantasy world free of stress? Or do people play to just pass the time? When I played, I did feel less stressful in-game. I sometimes felt like I was a completely different person, someone who I wanted to be fictitiously. Maybe there are others out there that feel the same way as I once did. Many will agree that its the thrill of the game or the next big raid where forty online players will battle a boss all at the same time with strategic force. One theory of addictions says Turner (2008) is that people become addicted to things/activities that are either positively reinforcing (receive rewards) or negatively reinforcing (escape from something aversive). Video games offer the potential for both. Woods (2008) study said people identified as having a video game addiction often use the games to cope with stress. However, using games to relax and escape from reality is not necessarily a problem. If people choose to play video games instead of dealing with problems or responsibilities, this is a symptom of their problems, not a cause. There are many other reasons why people reach for the fantasy world. Children and teens that play excessively have social problems and cannot seem to communicate with their peers. Some even get bullied in school. So in turn go home and play this game where no one bullies them and makes socializing easier when its not face to face communication. This may not be true for most youth but the ones that are addicted use it as an escape. Maybe people get addicted just because they want to play. The consequences of this addiction Adults also have been known to become addicted to WOW with serious consequences. Yes the game is fun to play but the fact of the matter is adults have responsibilities such as work, their relationship with their spouse and kids. People spend up to 16 hours a day if not more playing this online game knowing that there is school or work tomorrow. There also was a kid that played 36 hours straight and collapsed from dehydration that I read awhile back online. Marriages have ended due to this addiction. Spouses who devote their entire extra spare time playing WOW in the mean time the other spouse is feeling neglected. The WOW player is so involved within the game that he/she does not realize how bad this addiction is getting. Why does it come down to this? Are video game addictions like another form of narcotics such as crack? Can one be rehabilitated and be able to live a normal life in the real world instead of a fantasy one. Addiction rehabilitation There are many self help programs out there for people who feel that they cannot control this obsessive behavior over video games. Sven Rollenhagen (2009) said There is no known medical diagnosis of conditions brought on by excessive game-playing, but it is clear they have a very powerful addictive hold over many people who use them. Many psychologists do not believe that video game addictions are real but then again some do. There need to be more studies done on this topic. Griffiths (2008) said the fact that several studies overestimate the prevalence of video game addiction does not mean that it does not exist. There are also groups of psychologist willing to go as far as playing WOW to see its addictive traits first hand to get a better grasp on the matter. This means they become the gamer who is addicted to understand more fully what goes on in the minds of addicts. Interview with a gamer I setup an interview with an associate of mine to get a few answers and opinions on his addiction to World of Warcraft. His name is Matt and works everyday as head chef for a fine Restaurant. Matt said I play World of Warcraft whenever I am not working, it is something to do. I mentioned to him that many people spend hours playing the game to be the best knowing that there are priorities to be done. How do you handle these priorities? Matt said without hesitation, What priorities? I work and I play need I do anymore? Then I went on to ask what about relationships, dating of the sort. Matt declined to answer my question other than to say She left me a long time ago and I am happy without her (M. Walzcak, personal communication, November 11, 2009). These are the things happening to many people around the world not just Matt. The game takes over in their minds speaking for them, not knowing that this may affect things later on. Just small signs of whats to come for Matt. Or maybe he will realize that priorities and relationships whether their your friends or spouse should come first and foremost considering the game will still be there and your friends may not. We find out that there may be many different reasons why these games can be addictive. Some would play to pass time while others play it because it is all they think about, even though there excessive play time is ruining marriages, relationships and friendships along with their jobs. Is there hope for an video game addict, many say yes while others disagree entirely saying it is not a mental disorder in need of treatment. Wood (2008) said it is concluded that the most likely reasons that people play video games excessively are due to either ineffective time management skills, or as a symptomatic response to other underlying problems that they are escaping from, rather than any inherent addictive properties of the actual games. In conclusion, I feel this answers most of the questions we have been pondering on throughout this paper. I may have not got all the info needed to perform an in-depth analysis but this is definitely a great start. The more I research the more I figure out why I am sometimes addicted to the newest game out there and so to for others. References Griffiths, M. (2008). Video game addiction: Further thoughts and observations. International Journal of Mental Health Addiction, 6, 182 185. R, Sven. (2009, February 27). World of Warcraft more addictive then cocaine. Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/4863325/World-of-Warcraft-more-addictive-than-cocaine.html Turner, N. (2008). A comment on Problems with the concept of video game addiction: Some case study examples. International Journal of Mental Health Addiction, 6, 186 190. Wood, R. (2008). Problems with the concept of video game addiction: Some case study examples. International Journal of Mental Health Addiction, 6, 169 178.

deatharms Accepting Death in Ernest Hemingways A Farewell to Arms Ess

Accepting Death in Hemingway's A Farewell To Arms A Farewell To Arms is Ernest Hemingway's poignant yet simple tale of two young lovers who meet during the chaos of W.W.I and the relationship that endures until its tragic end. Frederick Henry, an American lieutenant in the Italian army, and Catherine Barkley, an English volunteer nurse, share a devout love for one another that deepens as Catherine becomes pregnant, yet their blissful relationship becomes tragically shortened as the baby and Catherine die as a result of the birth, leaving Frederick alone to accept their deaths. Written in the distinctive and unimbellished style signature to Ernest Hemingway, "A Farewell To Arms" carries the reader through a roller-coaster of emotions dealing with the idea that death remains as the end of life, and that man must live to its fullest potential while provided the ability to do so. The concept of understanding and accepting death plays a prominent role in "A Farewell To Arms." The idea of death permeates or lies behind all of the characters' actions. This involves the idea of "w...

Educational Equity :: essays research papers

Develop an argument on or some ideas of understanding about curriculum as multicultural text by relating the works of Darling-Hammond, French, & Garcia-Lopez, Delpit, Duarte & Smith, Greene, Nieto and Sletter to your experience of curriculum, teaching, and learning as affirming diversity. You could think specifically about the following questions: Is there a need for diversity in curriculum studies and designs? Why? What measures do you think will be effective in incorporating such a need into curriculum studies and designs? What is the relevance of diversity to your career goal, to education in your family, community, and school, to education in Georgia, and to education in general? In which way can you develop a curriculum which helps cultivate empathy, compassion, passion, and hope for citizens of the world, and which fosters social justice? â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Declaration of Independence,1776) This quote is symbolic of the expressed opinions and ideology of the founding fathers of America. History, especially the history of the American educational system, paints a contradictory portrait. Idealistic visions of equity and cultural integration are constantly bantered about; however, they are rarely implemented and materialized. All men are indeed created equal, but not all men are treated equally. For years, educators and society as a whole have performed a great disservice to minorities in the public school sector. If each student is of equal value, worth, and merit, then each student should have equal access and exposure to culturally reflective learning opportunities. In the past, minorities have had a muted voice because of the attitude of the majority. Maxine Greene summarizes a scene from E.L. Doctorow’s Ragtime, after which she poses questions that many minorities have no doubt asked silently or loud. â€Å"Why is he unseen? Why were there no Negroes, no immig rants? More than likely because of the condition of the minds of those in power, minds that bestowed upon many others the same invisibility that Ellison’s narrator encounters† (Greene,1995, p. 159). Multicultural education is needed because it seeks to eradicate â€Å"invisibility† and give voice, power, and validation to the contributions and achievements of people with varied hues, backgrounds, and experiences. Multicultural education is a process of comprehensive school reform and basic education for all students. It challenges and rejects racism and other forms of discrimination in schools and society and accepts and affirms pluralism (ethnic, racial, linguistic, religious, economic, and gender, among others) that students, their communities, and teachers reflect (Nieto, 2000).

The Cooper Union College

Morphosis is an architectural firm in California which was founded in 1972 by Thom Mayne. Morphosis has to its credit worldwide projects which include educational, residential, commercial and huge urban projects. Morphosis is the result of a combined effort of more than 40 professionals, with each of them working simultaneously to give state of the art designs, which are not only unique but also innovative. They are not only specialists in designing buildings but also experts in designing unique furniture and various accessories and other functional objects. The firm has more than 50 awards to its credit and received many other honors. The founder of this firm Thom Mayne did his Bachelors in Architecture from the University of South California and a Masters from the Harvard University, the Southern California Institute of Architecture was founded by him. Thom Mayne also won the Pritzker Architecture Prize for the year 2005, which is the topmost award in the field of architecture. Some of the other well known projects that the firm has worked on are the International Elementary School in Long Beach, California, the Diamond Ranch High School in Pomona, California, the Hypo Alpe-Adria Center in Klagenfurt, Austria and the Graduate House at the University of Toronto in Ontario, Canada. The latest project that the firm is currently working on is the new academic building for the Cooper Union Colleges, in New York, which is going to house the Albert Nerken School of Engineering, and which is expected to be completed by 2008. All eyes are on this project, as the transparent faà §ade of the building is already attracting a lot of people, and this is also supposed to be the first green academic building in New York. The whole project will be coming up in a site area of 18,000 sq ft., and the project size was estimated to be around 180,000 sq ft. The building would include various facilities which include approximately 15,000 sq.ft of classrooms, 40,000 sq.ft of laboratories, 15,000 sq.ft of administrative and faculty offices, 4,000 sq.ft of centralized computer center other than a 200-seater auditorium, an exhibition gallery, lounge and multi purpose space, Art Teaching Studios and workspaces and student activity spaces. The new building is visualized as a vertical element which has a semi-transparent faà §ade that speaks clearly of the classrooms, laboratory and art studio spaces. The whole building is planned around a centrally located atrium, which goes all the way up to the height of the building. The whole building is connected with sky bridges and has many corridors with a clear view of the Foundation Building to the left. The whole building is designed for energy efficiency, sustainability and environment friendly. The technology used to build the building will not only conserve energy but also increase its effectiveness. The semi-transparent screen used on the outside of the building, helps keep the interiors cool in summer and warm in winter. The whole building is equipped with carbon dioxide detectors which can detect if the room is occupied or not, and will automatically dim the lights in those rooms which are not occupied, thus saving energy and electricity costs. The roof is also filled with greenery which does not require much maintenance, therefore keeping the building cool. The entire building is filled with lots of natural ventilation, which keeps the building airy and pleasant. This building is a perfect example of modern contemporary architecture with all modern amenities including the label of the first green building in New York. This project is a good example of the excellent design methodology and creative thinking of the whole design team of Morphosis. All the above features of the Cooper Union building is evidence enough of the aesthetic and creative sense of Morphosis. The fact that the firm has received so many awards shows the respect people have towards good design and architecture. Works Cited New Academic Building, Cooper Union,   Architecture-Page, 12 December 2007. Green Features, The Cooper Union Builds, 12 December 2007, < http://www.cooper.edu/cubuilds/green.html>. American Institute of Architects Announces Two Firm of the Year Recipients;   RATCLIFF and Morphosis Architectural Firms Take Top Honors, Find Articles, 12 December 2007, .                                 

Festivals in India

Art has been around for what seems to be forever, yet no one has truly found an answer to the question, what is art? For some, definitions such as, art is â€Å"which implies knowledge of materials and their skillful handling. †(Ocvirk, 5), may be fulfilling, but in my opinion art has a much deeper meaning to it. If a person understands the work of art then, in a way one understands the artist himself. During the trip to the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Giovanni Paolo Panini’s Interior of Saint Peter’s, caught my eye from the start; therefore I have decided to write my paper on it. Giovanni Paolo Panini was born in 1692, in Piacenza. He first started off his training from a stage designer, after that he moved to Rome where he specialized in decorations and began to study drawing. Panini started to receive recognition after joining the Congregazione dei Virtuosi al Pantheon and the Accademia di San Luca. Soon enough Panini was painting frescoes for essential people, for an example painting for the Pope was one of Panini’s projects. The Interior of Saint Peter’s was only one of many paintings Panini had done. Giovanni Paolo Panini painted the Interior of Saint Peter’s with oil; the picture plane, which is a flat surface where the artist implements his image on, is a plain canvas. The dimensions of the canvas is (74 x 99. 7 cm), Panini used a canvas which had more height than width due to the fact that the Interior of Saint Peter’s contained high domed ceilings, he uses this canvas to his advantage in portraying the domed ceiling along with the arched columns. The smart choice in the dimensions of the canvas comes to no surprise due to the fact that Panini specialized in architectural paintings. He angles the perception of the painting to show the enormous size of the building. It is easy to see the distance between where the viewpoint of the painting is to the far end of the structure. You can also tell that the building was massive by observing the people Panini painted into the picture. If you notice everyone is painted as if they were nothing but ants from this distance in the building. This truly brings out the size of the building and allows the viewer to acknowledge that indeed this is a big structure. From this point of view the painting seems to be in the two dimensional world. The color in the painting allows the viewer to see the vast decorations on the columns, ceiling, and you clearly see the structure in the back of the painting, yet it is not as clear as the closer objects, which shows us this â€Å"realâ€Å"image of the viewpoint. Panini uses colors to distinguish between where one decoration ends and another begins. For example, look at the decorations on the columns, you can clearly see where they begin and end, such detail of the color has been put into this piece of art and that detail allows the viewer to understand the beauty of the scene. You can see on the left side of the painting that the light is shining in from the windows and into the scene; this allows the viewer to understand that if they were there most of the inside would be in shade. There is also a man wearing red in the middle of the scene who seems to be kneeling and praying. The red colored clothes of this man stick out perfectly compared to the surroundings, making it clear that we should not overlook this man; maybe Panini had a meaning to why this man was kneeling and why he wanted the viewer to notice it. Panini also uses volume to show the height and width of the columns. From where the scene is being viewed from the columns are shown from two sides. One side of the column, the side with three figure looking designs on it, seems to be facing towards what might be the entrance and the other side is facing the main hall, where the man in the red is kneeling. This view gives the columns somewhat depth and solidifies them, because you can almost perfectly get the idea of how huge and enormous the columns are. The balance in the painting seems to be perfect when it comes to the equality of weight and accomplishing unity. However, Panini has somewhat given certain things more attention than others in the painting. There is still unity the painting comes together well, yet there are still things like the man in the red kneeling or the woman in the pink in the right hand side. Objects like that seem to have more attention grabbing characteristics than others. Panini has put most of the crowd towards the right next to the columns and left more empty space in the middle which makes certain objects, like the man kneeling, stick out more. As before you can clearly that there is plethora of space in between the people in the hall. It is easy to perceive in how much space there actually is in between everyone due to the fact that proportionally the painting makes sense. The people in the hall are the perfect size, the structure is a perfect size, everything sings in harmony which allows the viewer to perceive space in a rational manner, so the space between two people in the hall would seem more real than if the painting was not proportionally correct. Panini’s style seems to be simple if you look at the manner of what he paints. He was known for specializing in architectural views; Panini painted many pictures of Saint Peter’s. Yet, his style seems to be somewhat more in depth than just architectural views, Panini seems to sneak in a few things that may or may not have meaning to them. For example, at the top right of the painting in between the arch of the first column there seems to be a figure of a person as if he were sneaking around. Also lets not forget the figure kneeling in the middle of the hall, it was not coincidence that this person sticks out more than the rest of the people, there is probably a meaning behind this that only Panini could explain, or maybe he left it to the viewer to come up with a meaning for themselves. Panini shows the detail of the decorations in a realistic manner, in a way that a viewer can see the details yet at the same time if the object or decorations are far from the point of view they blur a little, giving it a more rational tone. This rational tone can be considered atmospheric perspective, which means the painter is trying to show a realistic view by allowing far away objects to blur a little and for closer objects to be strong and contrast. Panini did a great showing atmospheric perspective because if you look at the flags on the ceiling, you can clearly see the closest one to the viewer which is the one on the top right, and the top left one is slanted but still more clear than the one behind it, same goes for the top right one it is much more clear if you compare it to the flag behind it which is farther from the viewer. Panini uses this on the columns and its decorations as well, the farthest column’s decorations are almost impossible to see where as the closest column’s decorations are the clearest. Giovanni Paolo Panini’s, Interior of Saint Peter’s is a great example of perfect artwork. Panini uses the elements of composition and the principles of organization to create beautiful art. Though beauty is subjective, it is hard to say that this painting is nothing less than that.Reference http://www.christies.com/LotFinder/lot_details.aspx?intObjectID=4323032

Quality Improvement Email Essay

Quality management in healthcare facilities is organized to meet the needs of the organization. Today, most organizations have a program of continuous improvement in all functional areas. Data collection and analysis and resulting improvements have become an accepted way of doing business. An organization must address how it is going to achieve a successful Quality Improvement program (LaTour, p. 520). This paper is going to discuss the quality improvement in the health care industry along with stakeholders, roles, and resources to name a few. The purpose of quality management in the health care industry is to enhance the safety, efficiency and effectiveness of all businesses from health care processes and the performance of delivering products to human resources (The Purpose of QI Healthcare, 2014). The improvement is achieved using various methods, both qualitative and quantitative. With the passing of time, healthcare delivery has become more complex. There is a requirement for ne w and enhanced methods that will reduce costs and provide access to new technologies (The Purpose of QI Healthcare, 2014). Bringing a change into the system can facilitate the achievement of a new performance level. When a system remains unchanged over time and no enhancements are made, it cannot generate better results than the ones already created. The inefficient parts of the structure are replaced with new inventions that can prove to be worthy (The Purpose of QI Healthcare, 2014). Quality Management is needed because of competition. The primary goal is to beat the competition. It will add value at each stage of production defining long term plans for your company while at the same time providing a framework for it. The stakeholders define quality of care in various ways. Each stakeholder has different concerns relative to the  project’s objectives and goals (LaTour, p.808), which can translate, into different ratings of quality. â€Å"Exploratory interviews suggest that ratings are influenced by past experience, expectations, definitions of quality of care, and perceived power relationship s between stakeholders† (Campbell, 2004). Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality has defined â€Å"stakeholders† as persons or groups that have a vested interest in a clinical decision and the evidence that supports that decision (The Effective Health Care Program Stakeholder Guide Chapter 3: Getting Involved in the Research Process). Stakeholders may be patients, caregivers, clinicians, researchers, advocacy groups, professional societies, businesses, policymakers, or others. Each group has a unique and valuable perspective. With quality improvement, there are roles that are involved. The leader’s role in promoting and developing quality improvement begins with creating and sustaining a personal and organizational focus on the needs of internal and external customers (Quality Improvement, 2014). A leader demonstrates a clear commitment to the organizational mission, values, goals, and expectation that promote quality and performance excellence through its actions. Key staff roles in a quality improvement p rogram are day-to-day leader, data entry person, provider champion, operations person, and data specialist. Monitoring provides the method to identify how the organization compares with the original opportunities for improvement and achieving those goals. (Wiley, 2007) Every area needs monitored because of providing every needs monitored because of providing patient can with any deficiency affect the entire hospital. Leaders determine the areas that need monitoring for improvement, monitoring the compliance of policies and procedures and standards for the hospital. The accrediting and regulatory agencies that are involved in the quality improvement process are The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO). Joint Commission evaluates the quality of health care provided to the patient. They also requires that organizational leadership set expectations, plan, manage how to measure, assess, and improve in all aspects of providing care (LaTour, p.521). Another agency that is involved is the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) which represents the federal funded agency that focuses on improving the health care. The federal government mandates the areas for monitoring for quality, for example, preventive care,  infection control, fall rates, and chronic disease management. (HRHA, 2013) National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA) represents the accrediting agencies for the hospitals. It also evaluates the quality of health care provided to the patient. In conclusion, there are many resources for helping the improvement of quality. The patient, providers, nurses and management plays a part in the improvement that will guide to reach desired levels of performance. An organization that affects quality improvement is Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). AHRQ is the lead Federal agency charged with improving the quality, safety, efficiency, and effectiveness of health care for all Americans. (Quality Improvement Organizations) The accrediting and regulatory organizations protect the public the regular reporting quality measures of the health care facility. References: LaTour, K. (2010), Health Information Management Quality Improvement Organizations Retrieved from: http://www.aap.org/en-us/professional-resources/practice-support/quality-improvement/Pages/Quality-Improvement-Organizations.aspx Quality Improvement, Retrieved from: http://www.hrsa.gov/quality/toolbox/methodology/qualityimprovement/part2.html The Effective Health Care Program Stakeholder Guide: Chapter 3: Getting Involved in the Research Process. February 2014. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD. http://www.ahrq.gov/research/findings/evidence-based-reports/stakeholderguide/chapter3.html The Purpose Of Quality Improvement in Healthcare, Retrieved from: http://www.sixsigmaonline.org/six-sigma-training-certification-information/the-purpose-of-quality-improvement-in-healthcare.html Campbell, S. (2004) How do stakeholder groups vary in a Delphi technique about primary mental health care and what factors influence their ratings?

The Plot Line for Esperanza Rising

Severance's rich and loving father was murdered by bandits. Spenserian and what is left of her family are threaten by her dad's wicked stepbrothers that may have had a hand in his death. In order to get away from their evil grasp they ran to the US Of A. Working as plantation workers with their servants. Amidst all this she had to leave behind her grandma due to injuries probably caused by her wicked stepsons. Also like Spenserian Diego De la Vega's family was taken away from him, his daughter stolen, wife murdered, and sent to a Mexican equivalent of Augmentation Bay to plot his revenge.Rising action Spenserian has to learn how sweep, care for babies, and take care for her mom that has valley fever who need to go to the hospital. She is having a hard time to adjust having living a life envied by princesses to a life that is hard not to pity upon, her bratty side is shown. Unlike Spenserian who deals with cleaning Diego escapes from prison with only one objective find his daughter, b ut his got sidetracked only to find a man who he help back in the days when he was Zero named Alexandra. As Hollywood would have it this man's brother was murdered and now he is plotting to avenge him.So Diego sakes him in and trains him to become a new Zero. While training Diego makes Alexandra go to a ball and tells him to spy on Don Rafael who stole Doggie's daughter and basically killed his wife. Alexandra goes to the ball meets meet Elena Doggie's long lost daughter and Don Rafael. After the ball Don Rafael invites Alexandra to see his â€Å"vision†. Climax At this crucial point in the story Spenserian learns how to care for her mom, she gets a job to pay for her mother's hospital expenses and a ticket for her grandma who she left back in Mexico, and she learns how to deal with all the racism that goes on in the camp.Also she has a argument with her former servant now plantation colleague. He gathers all the money she been saving and runs away. While Spenserian adjusts t o her new life, Alexandra learns of a plot to buy California from the Spanish with gold mined from California worked buy orphans, and random hobos, even a priest. Denouement Severance's mom gets healthier enough to come home, and the servant who ran away with her money came back with Severance's grandma. Now everyone is happy and reunited. As Spenserian is being reunited with her family Diego tries to get reunited with his family. With the help of AlexandraDiego invades the home of Don Rafael discovers a plot to destroy the gold mine with all the workers tank tries to tell Elena the she IS his daughter and he succeeds but Rafael throws him in confinement. Elena rescues her newly discovered father and brings him to Alexandra where he is with Captain Love the psychotic man who killed Alexandrine brother and then made him into a beverage. Diego then confronts Rafael as he tries to get his gold to the governor of California. As both of them win their own duels for Hollywood forbid them to lose, Elena finally does something she helps the workers with he help of Alexandra.

Compare and contrast how feelings of love or presented in “The Manhunt” and “Nettles”

The form in â€Å"the manhunt† is in couplets and they show the relationship between the husband and wife and represents their love â€Å"after the first phase, after passionate and intimate days† Simon Armitage makes some couplets rhyme and some not, this could represent their love due to the fact sometimes shes ok with him but because hes fragile she can set him of very easily and sometimes she feels he dosent love her because of the state he’s in, he does this to help the reader understand her struggle for his love and how she isn’t giving up on love also the it very widly spaced which represents how long she is willing to wait to recover his love and him, whereas in â€Å"Nettles† its very closely packed and it follows the A,B,A,B rhyme scheme, the poems about a fathers emotion and love towards his son when he gets injured my a bed of nettles â€Å"my son aged three fell in the nettle bed.Love Poemcom/love-poem/embed/#?secret=VEeIeF1XWJ" data-s ecret="VEeIeF1XWJ" width="500" height="282" title="â€Å"Love Poem† — Free Essays - PhDessay.com" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no"> Bed seemed a curious name for those green spears, that regiment of spite behind the shed† Veron Scannell makes the structure tightly packed and makes the poem follow this rhyme scheme to increase the pace of the poem, he does this because the poems about revenge and his efforts to destroy the nettles that hurt his son, it could also represent his heart beat due to the pace. In comparison in the poem â€Å"The manhunt† her love is shown through her efforts and patience for her husband to recover whereas in â€Å"Nettles† its show through the farther seeking revenge against the nettles that hurt his son so there is no similarities in there forms. The Language used in â€Å"the manhunt† is very negative emotive language which relate to healing and damage â€Å"the fractured rudder of his shoulder blade† The emotive Language that Simon uses in this poem shows how that even though he’s damaged and very unpredictable â€Å"unexploded mine† she is still willing to try and heal him, this shows how much she loves him and is willing to put up with to try and save there dying love, he uses military words to show her battle to try and save him due to him be physically and mentally messed up, the reason Simon uses military words is to show how difficult the struggle is but how willing she is to this for him which again shows her love more him. Similarly in â€Å"nettles† its uses damaging words and is about someone in this case the farther, trying to recover the damage done to the one they love â€Å"soothed him till his paint was not so raw, and then I took my hook and honed the blade† this shows that the fathers first instinct is to seek revenge which shows how protective he is and also how much he loves his son, Veron uses military words through-out this poem which is very similar to manhunt â€Å"Slashed in fury with it, Till not a nettle in that fierce parade† again this shows his efforts and the battle he had fighting what hurt his soon. In both poems very similar emotive and military language is used to show both of their efforts for the ones they love. In the poem â€Å"the manhunt† its very depressing and sad and has a lot of negative language â€Å"the hurt, of his grazed heart† The fact that its in first person shows that Simon was trying to create sympathy for her, it also helps show her love for him a lot more due to it being her saying it which makes us believe it a lot more, plus the slow pace of the poem also shows her patience for his love. In the poem â€Å"Nettles† the tone of the poem is very quick and shows passion from the farther to kill the nettles â€Å"stood up right no more. I lit a funeral pyre to burn the fallen dead† Vernon use an A,b,a,b rhyme scheme to help increase the pace of the peom to help show his aggression and to show how quick he does everything to try and kill the nettles which hurt his son, this shows how passionate and how much he loves his son and how he wants to protect him from getting hurt again in the future which also shows how caring he is. Both poems have a sim ilar tones but are also very different in pace.

Rise and Fall of Enron Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Rise and Fall of Enron - Research Paper Example Enron was an energy company that had the marketing of electricity and natural gas as its main activities.  Its’ revenues in 2000 were (supposedly) of $ 100 billion and the market value of the company exceeded $ 60 billion, which meant 70 times earnings and six times book value (Thomas, pp.41).  The company benefited from the deregulation of the energy market, facilitated by the company's own lobby in donations to political campaigns, but without the use of accounting gimmicks and management practices suspicions never had reached this level. Enron collapsed taking along with itself pension funds of its employees and other investors in the same category, a shortfall of at least $ 1.5 billion and dragging a debt of more than $ 13 billion.  For years, the company's directors maligned balance sheets, wiped the losses and inflated profits.  The magic book worked until the end of 2001.  Enron is the product of stunning deregulation of the energy sector.  It was a success and everyone wanted to invest in its actions as it was an excellent company with a higher rate of return, their investment valued up every month, even in times of crisis. The stock prices fell from a record high of $90 in 2000 to $0.60 at the end of 2001, after the scandal was revealed (Bratton, pp.1275). Trade operations of the company were based on complex financial transactions, most referring to businesses that would occur several years later, a practice that inflated their profits.  Operators placed the value of the company's shares way high, suggesting that before these future actions would even appreciate, without having to justify the markdown price, was the mark-to-market. Mark-to-market means considering a company’s assets so highly valued that it is possible to liquidate them at any time by the current market price.  The actions came to be worth about $ 85, behind the scenes; however, the company could only lose on failed projects internet and plants that never operated in India (Thomas, pp.50).   There is evidence that senior company executives were also involved in the fraud, as well as major banks.   The Securities and Exchange Commission initiated an investigation.  Enron was forced to redo their balance sheets for the last five years and admit that its profit in the period was $ 600 million lower than originally reported (Thomas, pp.44).   Auditors Fabricating the Facts The company’s auditor was Arthur Andersen, one of the key executives of the company, which contributed to concealing the scam, while, manipulating the revenue recognition principles.  Since being involved with the collapse of Enron, Andersen lost many prestigious clients. The company's employees took damage by losing their jobs; their savings in most cases were invested in Enron stock (Thomas, pp.46).  The tragic end of Enron shook the confidence of the American financial system.  According to the lawsuit filed by former shareholders, Enron hid th e injury and decreasing profits with the connivance of accounting firm, Arthur Andersen auditor (Healy & Palepu, pp.12).  Former Enron auditor approved fraudulent accounting practices and illegal schemes adopted to hide losses and then destroyed the evidence of the crime.   Involvement of White House   Enron was regarded as an innovator, admired (elected between 1996 and 2001 as one of the most admired companies according to  Fortune  magazine) and dynamic, and Kenneth Lay was a celebrity worlds of business (something that is not seen much in the post

Case Anaylasis of Nike Inc Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Case Anaylasis of Nike Inc - Assignment Example As a result of a fact acceptance of the single mode of connectivity which has developed on the lines of internet powered virtual platform in various corners of the world, it needs to be mentioned that the world has transformed into a single connected global entity. This has increasingly paved the way for easy synchronization of various trends related to globalization that are emerging from the different corners of the world. It is of significant interest to mention that because of the trends of globalization, there is a tremendous amount of demand that is emerging from various new as well as well established countries and economies around the world. As a result of this surge in demand, it can be said that there is a tremendous amount of business opportunity that is emerging in the global marketplace. It needs to be mentioned that many new as well as established companies that are located in various geographical locations are increasingly focusing on the process of market expansion as well as the process of entering in the new markets to capitalize on the new business opportunities. However, talking in regards to the project, it can be said that this particular research based assignment focuses on the process of providing an in-depth analysis of Nike Inc, which is considered as one of the most popular multinational brands of the division related to athletic footwear and apparel in the recent times. Existing Mission, Objectives and Strategies It needs to be mentioned that the globally popular sports company is been actively perceived as an organization that promotes highly innovative products for athletes around the world. While talking in regards to the project, the mission based issues needs to be discussed. It can be said that the mission of a company talks about the organization’s plans to achieve the goals in the upcoming short term. The mission of the company talks about the long term effort of the company to provide inspiration as well as innovation to every single athlete around the world (Nike.com, 2013). Talking more in regards to the mission of the company, it can be said that the case study highlights the issue of continuing with the legacy of Bowerman in regards to innovative thinking as well as product development that will help the athletes to simply excel in their arena. Now while talking about the company’s objectives, it can be said that the organization is more focused providing the athletes around the world with the needed motivation and encouragement that is required to excel in their field of sports. It needs to be mentioned that for the purpose of attaining significant growth in the market, it is very important to have a well crafted strategy. It needs to be mentioned that Nike in an attempt to attain significant growth in the market has designed a very effective growth strategy. It can be said that because of increase in performance of the company on a year on year basis, the sports accessories manufact urer has raised the financial target to around 28 – 30 billion USD for the financial year of 2015 (Nikeinc.com, 2011) New Mission Statement It has to be said that the