Minimum Wage For The State Of California - 2115 Words

At one point or another Americans have all had first jobs and those entry-level positions most always consist of entry-level pay. Meaning an employee cannot be legally paid a cent less than what is defined as minimum wage. Though every state has its own specific rate at which to pay its employees, some margins between states differ more than others. In the state of California the minimum wage is $10 per hour, for now that is. Government officials that take into account many factors regarding the health of the economy now and in the future determine this rate. For many people of the state that living wage is still not enough. So today the public has voted that the minimum wage should be increased to $15 an hour. Seeing the benefits early†¦show more content†¦Whether your arguments are for or against the rise in minimum wage there’s no way to perfect one rate that suits well with all of California. Example, the wage needed for a high cost area like San Francisco is goin g to be rather different than the wage a person would need in El Centro, which is highest in the state for unemployment (Perry 2). Say one uses a slightly different approach, that $15 an hour is good for a place like San Francisco because local wages can support itself if the economy were to go bad. That will not go off well if the same wage rate is in poverty stricken El Centro because of the lack of financial support. The rise in wage will negatively affect those in less fortunate communities. California being known for its forward thinking ideas, shall now become the state with the most damaging public policies put into place. A support of this argument lays out the main issue clearly, â€Å"When government artificially raises wages, it increases unemployment. Anyone should be able to understand that when labor costs are increase by government force, businesses often have no choice but to cut jobs if they are to remain profitable†(â€Å"Authors of California† 2). Ex claiming the main issue that businesses will do what they must to stay afloat. The ironically cruel thing is that the ones that will be losing jobs were most likely the people completely for the wage increases. George Mason

Personal Trainer Inc. Case Study - 891 Words

Wesly B. Elarcosa CS 46B (TTH, 5:01 - 6:30 PM) July 12, 2016 BSA – 3 Mr. Nelson M. Wahing Case Study No. 2: Personal Trainer Inc. I. Summary Personal Trainer, Inc. owns and operates fitness centers in a dozen Midwestern cities. The centers have done well, and the company is planning an international expansion by opening a new â€Å"supercenter† in the Toronto area. Personal Trainer’s president, Cassia Umi, hired an IT consultant, Susan Park, to help develop an information system for the new facility. During the project, Susan will work closely with Gray Lewis, who will†¦show more content†¦Additionally, the risk of losing member files and program tracking data is greatly increased when there is not a central database to keep customer information safe. With the new system it reduces the over-all amount of time needed for all administrative tasks. Employees will not have to worry about keeping track of member files and reduce the stress of creating daily and month reports. IV. Alternative Courses * Hire and train them with the new system that is being developed to make it useful. * Continue to update the hardware, software and network resources to keep up with the daily operations of the company. * Make sure to keep the information of the customers safe. V. Recommendation Personal Trainer, Inc. currently manages all member records at each location. This process creates bottlenecks of data and redundant work for several employees. Due to the amount of manual work, critical aspects of the business such as payment processing and training program records. Patterson and Wilder is proposing to assist Personal Trainer, Inc. in updating the current accounting software to allow interface of customers for web access to accounts payments, purchases and access to customer training records . This will be accomplished in a three step plan of data base design, user interface design and application architecture. The member data will be managed more efficiently and increase productivityShow MoreRelatedAccounting Information System1105 Words   |  5 PagesUNIVERSITI TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN FACULTY OF ACCOUNTANCY AND MANAGEMENT ACADEMIC YEAR 2012/2013 BACHELOR OF ACCOUNTING (HONS) UKAI 2063 ACOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEMS II TUTORIAL 6 Case 1: Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman Situation: The university is considering a new system that will speed up the registration process. As part of the systems development team, you are asked to develop a plan for fact-finding. (Adapted from Shelley Cashman 2010, Chp 04 Apply Your Knowledge,Elmwood CollegeRead MoreMy Career as an Athletic Trainer Essay1264 Words   |  6 Pagesto be an Athletic Trainer. When I tell people I want to be an Athletic Trainer, they think I mean an actual trainer having to do with lifting weights, working out, and helping an athlete train. There are actually two types of Athletic Trainers. The first type is a personal trainer who is hired to help you train for an athletic event and get you in shape. That is not what I want to. I want to do something totally different than that. I want to be an actual Athletic Trainer who is on the sidelinesRead MoreLes Mills New Zealand Case Study Essay1317 Words   |  6 PagesLes Mills New Zealand (Les Mills) Case Study Les Mills is a New Zealand owned and operated fitness chain with the primary goal to have the world best fitness clubs offering the best experiences and results (Ministry of Education, 2010). Founded by fitness pioneer Phillip Mills, Les Mills consists of Les Mills Gyms, Les Mills NZ and Les Mills International. With 10 clubs, 900 staff and 46,000 members throughout New Zealand in 2010, they are continually growing with a 12th club established in NewmarketRead MoreDifferent Content And Three Process Theories Essay1046 Words   |  5 Pagessomeone is captivated by what they are doing, then we can safely assume that motivation is high. It is present in many aspects of our daily lives. For example, why do we eat breakfast in the morning? Because we are motivated by hunger. Why do people study and want to further their education? Because they want to broaden their knowledge. After all, knowledge is power. Motivating factors can be anything from a reward to compulsion. So in short, motivation factors in the work environment include rewardRead MorePsychological and Personality Assessments1677 Words   |  7 Pagesinstilled these tests in their company policies with all new hires or promotional employees. These assessments are used to help all human resources personnel in the decision of hiring or promoting employees. These tests are used as tools to improve personal image, promote or hire compatible employees that will put the company into a more positive direction. Employers feel that by using and implementing these assessments they help with building good employee teams and to allow different types of personalitiesRead MoreTraining and Development Case Study2354 Words   |  10 PagesPROFESSIONAL STAGE-I HRM 05-EMPLOYEE TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT Case Study Prepared By T.Hewathanthrie PQHRM-49-15 Course: Professional Qualification in Human Resource Management December, 2010 INSTITUTE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT SRI LANKA (INC). Table of Contents Introduction-Training amp; Development 3 Introduction-Case-(Care-Link) 3 Q1-Key issues identified in the Case 4 Q2-The role of Training Manager-Ravi 5 Q3-Suggestions for improvement 6 References 7 Introduction-TrainingRead MoreEssay Athletes And Drug Use1690 Words   |  7 Pagesfor their illegal activity. Today, drug use in sport has reached enormous proportions in society and is destroying athletics from the ground up. Nowhere is the problem more serious than in professional athletics, where athletes, coaches and trainers misuse drugs in search of ways of ways to improve performance. Many athletes fail to take their time when making the decision whether to use drugs to their advantage. Unfortunately athletes may use drugs for therapeutic indications, recreatio9nalRead MoreCan Manufactured Bands Ever Be Classified as Good Art? the Effect O2443 Words   |  10 PagesTake That, Boyzone, Bad Boys inc., East 17 and other all-boy pop bands. In this essay I would like to discuss how the standard of art has been lowered by the capitalistic system of the music industry, using a specific example - Upside Down, which is maybe the latest addition to this genre of music. By this genre of music, I mean the all-boy bands which have been specifically manufactured and targeted at the teenybopper age class (and also the gay market?). Personal Opinions To argue that thisRead MoreEmployment and Lower Court2977 Words   |  12 Pages= 50%. I will have the grades posted within 7 days. I have enjoyed getting to know and working with all of you over the last few weeks. As always, I learn as much if not more from all of you than vice versa. Best of luck in all of your future studies and careers. Please do not hesitate to call me if you have any question or concerns. Thank you all again. Good luck. Multiple Choice Instructions: Circle the letter of the best choice. 1) Jill is a marketing manager for Beta Co., located inRead MoreImplications of the Learning Organization Phenomenon for the Training and Development Field.4748 Words   |  19 Pagesconcept of the learning organization does not minimize the role of the trainer; it changes it. Just as organizations must learn how to learn differently, so too, must trainers learn how to learn and behave differently. The training profession must broaden its view of itself from that of information purveyor and skill builder to that of learning enabler, learning manager and learning strategist (Tobin, 1998). The way that trainers respond to the demands of their environment - the new organizational

Mens Nipples free essay sample

During the early stages of embryotic development, the new life-form, without any inclination towards the sex it is to become, can be considered female. Only after sexual dimorphism do noticeable changes begin to distinguish males from females. From the advent of life in the womb, both sexes invariably develop nipples clearly one gender makes better use of them than the other – but then what’s the reasoning behind male nippitalia anyways? After birth and throughout the rest of men’s lives, I believe those little growths on the breasts may suggest that males are more female than we tend to believe. Despite the often-bombastic masculinity of some of the greatest male heroes throughout history, we tend to forget that behind every strong man, there is a strong woman. Alexander the Great‘s greatest ally was his mother Olympias of Epirus – it was foremost through her undying dedication to him that he grew a desire for conquest and greatness. We will write a custom essay sample on Mens Nipples or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Almost every U.S. president had the explicit and implicit support of the first lady (and I’m confident the roles will be reversed in the near future). Be it behind closed doors or exposed to the public eye, first ladies arguably have the greatest influence on a president’s decisions. Even in the world of sports, Michael Phelps’ number one fan is his mother Debbie. During the 2008 Summer Olympics, the media placed great emphasis on this mother-son relationship. One would be hard-driven to find a male without some female in his life for inspiration and guidance†¦ in fact, it’d be nearly impossible to find such a case. Just as the nipples are ever-present on men, so is their internal tendency towards femininity. With this, men embrace compassion and service, just as a mother may have done for him during infancy. Striving to imagine a world of men without any sort of female characteristics may conjure mental images of lumberjacks, pirates, and ‘Chu ck Norrises’ – not a fructuous one filled with world leaders, architects, and poets. We live in a time when it is acceptable for men to manifest their duplicities to the world. Contrasted to only a few decades ago, it is encouraged that men express their innermost feelings and insecurities. No longer are they expected to be invulnerable and staunchly non-feminine in demeanor. When men manifest overtly metrosexual tendencies, they may attract some wary stares, but it is by no means blasphemous anymore. The definition of masculinity is constantly shifting to encompass more female characteristics. Rather than a complete shift on nature, this recharacterization process acts only to make more acceptable that which already lies beneath the rugged shell of the classically masculine man. Despite appearances, men and women may be more closely related than imagined. In all general respects, the two sexes are equal and share full capabilities (okay, maybe men can’t bear children). Unlike women however, men can always look down and notice those titillating reminders of just how ever-present the opposite sex is inside of them. This is their purpose. This is their definition.

The New Mecca free essay sample

He admits falling in love with everything he perceived in Dubai even the hotels. As he continued talking about Dubai, he introduced the reader with the history of Dubai. He informs that few years ago there was only sand. Dubai has improved a lot in a very short amount of time. He gets amazed at the beauty of Dubai; however, he gets surprised twice the amount of that because of the difference between the reality of Dubai and what people think about Dubai. The author mentions numerous examples where he meets lower class working people and sees them suffering. However, he realizes that those lower class working people don’t apprehend that. They think they are lucky enough to stay in Dubai. The author finds this gap between what these people think is happening and what’s happening in reality which makes him feel helpless and miserable. He expresses the urge of helping them in his essay; still ends up not doing it because according to him it’s not his job to fix it. We will write a custom essay sample on The New Mecca or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The author starts his essay with what people think Dubai is. As he moves forward he talks about what the reality is behind all these misapprehensions. By the end of the essay he concedes that everyone has been victimized by this fallacy. The main focus of this essay is the realization of the author about this gap between the conceptuality and the reality about Dubai and how all these lower class people there are the victims of this. Throughout the author’s journey in Dubai, he got to meet a lot of lower class people who have been working there for years. He got to talk to them and ask them personal questions to get to know them better. He came across people who originated there years ago with hopes and dreams of improving their lifestyle. They have been working hard ever since. The author tells the readers that sometimes these employees get their passport taken away by the people they work for. They work almost twenty four hours every week since they arrived here. Although, they don’t even get paid enough. They have been treated horribly. However these people don’t tend to be bothered by this at all. They assumes that they would have worse life if they there were back in home. When the author was talking to the Kenyan security guard who works fourteen hours a day he realized that these people don’t understand that they are not being treated the way they are supposed to. The author asked a waiter about when he wants to get married and when he wants to go back to is country. The waiter replied that we will earn more money and then he’d like to go back to get married. These people are needy. So they come here with the hope of having a better life. As they don’t know their rights and they come from worse environment, they upper class people take advantage of it by treating them poorly. Then these lower class suffering people do not recognize this for their lack of understanding. The author brings up political and terrorists issues near the end of his essay. He mentions all the countries around Dubai are in a messed up situation because of their several religion and fanatic ruling reasons. As Dubai is the only stable rich country among the region it progressed more than any countries ever did in that short amount of time. But then it raises the question that who is doing all these works and where is it even getting all these money from? At the dinner where the author was having a conversation about Dubai bank system, one person who knows all about these mentions that Al- Qaeda is not attacking Dubai because they have their money reserved here. In a result al- Qaeda helps Dubai and vice versa. After having that conversation with friends, the author came to the grasp that there might be more truth to learn about Dubai. This whole thing made him question himself more about what’s right and wrong. The author understood that the world sees half the truth and there’s this other half of the truth always hidden behind the curtain. This realization affected the author so bad that he ended up thanking the god for not giving him a critical mind to think more deeply about these. He stated, â€Å"Good point, I say, thanking God in my heart that I am not a real Investigative Journalist. Dubai has been modernized in only last couple of years. Even though it has everything reorganized it still looks like an ancient city. Everyone falls in love with the place the moment they get here. The author mentioned that he feels amazing here and if he could he would never go back from there. He is not the only person to think that. The people that come from different region such as South Asia Africa to work there hope to stay there forever too. They think they are leading a great life there. They don’t understand the harsh reality of being treated ill. The author brings up the consumerism theory as one of the explanation. He stated, â€Å"Man, it occurs to me, is a joyful, buying-and-selling piece of work. I have been wrong, dead wrong, when I’ve decried consumerism. Consumerism is what we are. It is, in a sense, a holy impulse. A human being is someone who joyfully goes in pursuit of things, brings them home, and then immediately starts planning how to get more. A human being is someone who wishes to improve his lot. † Human tend to improve his situation. He always wants to get more than what he already has. Saunders brings up this topic in his essay as he’s looking for an answer that why people go there and work so hard but did not realize that their rights have been violated. The main issue of this essay is what people think and what the reality that people don’t see is. People only believed what they see. Thus somehow everyone has been victimized of this problem. Human beings live in a state of confusion where they can’t see pass through the phony. That is why the author has stated, â€Å"In all things, we are the victims of The Misconception From Afar. There is the idea of a city, and the city itself, too great to be held in the mind. And it is in this gap (between the conceptual and the real) that aggression begins. † The author started his essay with what he thought about Dubai before coming here and what he started thinking after coming here. He provided numerous short and interesting stories throughout the whole essay. Through those essays he starts showing the readers how there’s a gap between the reality and conceptuality. By the end of the essay he proves his point that Dubai is not what we think it is. As the author successfully provided information on this aspect, it is liable that the main issue of the essay was the gap between the reality and the conceptuality.

Settle by Disclosure free essay sample

Disclosure revolutionized the modern deep house music scene. Ever since their founding in 2011, the 2 brothers from suburban London have come from teaching drum lessons in their family home basement to headlining festivals all over the world. Their freshman album Settle is one of my favorite albums of last year. The albums first song isWhen A Fire Starts To Burn. This song is a perfect way to start off the record. Containing samples of a speech from a Southern minister, the song has a groove to it that makes everyone dance. Latch, the second song, is one of the best songs of the album in my opinion. The track features British vocalist Sam Smith who uses his very powerful voice to compliment the songs throbbing. melody. Its not a shocker this tune is all over the radio. The third song is called F For You. This is one of several tracks of the album where Howard, the younger brother of the duo, actually lends his own voice. We will write a custom essay sample on Settle by Disclosure or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The combination of Howards distinctive voice and the make-you-wanna-move beat of the song caught the eye famous RB singer Mary J. Blige, who went on to remix the song, adding her vocals to it. Next up is White Noise, with funky British pop singer Aluna Francis.In this song, the beat fluctuates from very relaxed sounding to something with a lot of bass. This track, with a melody to it reminiscent of the disco music from the 70s, is sure to be a crowd pleaser, anywhere. Stimulation is the next one. This song, one of the only of the record that does not feature any guest vocalists as well as the halfway point of the album, is a percussion heavy, very danceable deep house jam. Voices follows. Containing lyrics from Sasha Keable, this track exemplifies how beautifully Disclosure incorporates gripping vocals into their music. Sasha’s voice is melodic and captivating. This track is one that is hard to resist putting on repeat. A more experimental track, Second Chance, Disclosure uses sweeping modular synths and dreamy and distorted vocals to show their diversity in the way they make music. This next one, called Grab Her turns rapper J Dillas lyrics into a dancefloor worthy song. You and Me featuring Eliza Doolittle revisits the old UKdeep housesound Disclosure seems to flawlessly produce and breathes a new life into the genre. Quickly transistioning from happy to more emotional sounding songs, Confess To Me, with Jessie Ware,contains abstract yet upbeat synths,warped by the vocals of both Jessie Ware and Howard Lawrence, giving the song a more cryptic and dark feel, yetstill showing Disclosures signature made-for-dancefloor trademark. The duo finishes the album with Help Me Lose My Mind, withthe strong voice of singer London Grammar. Full of love, emotion, and beauty this song ends leaving us pinning for more. On top of being amazing producers, Disclosure also has one of the most impressive live shows Ive ever seen. Combining their musical skills and modern electronic music devices, the shows consist of use of synths, keyboards, guitars, and drum machines. Also, the duo use laptops to create visuals based on the song being played, all while performing live. If you ever have a chance, go see them. At most shows, they even bring out different vocalists from the album. Thanks for reading!

Lead Reasearch essays

Lead Reasearch essays Electrochemical Equivalent: 3.865g/amp-hr Incompatibilities: Strong oxidizers, hydrogen peroxide, acids Valance Electron Potential (-eV): 24.2 Chemical reactions of the element lead The surface of metallic lead is protected by a thin layer of lead oxide, PbO. Only upon heating lead to 600-800C does lead react with oxygen in air to from lead oxide, PbO. Finely divided lead powder is a fire risk. The surface of metallic lead is protected by a thin layer of lead oxide, PbO. It does not react with water under normal conditions. Lead metal reacts vigorously with fluorine, F2, at room temperature and chlorine, Cl2, on warming to form the poisonous dihalides lead(II) fluoride, PbF2, and lead(II) chloride, PbCl2, respectively. The surface of metallic lead is protected by a thin layer of lead oxide, PbO. This renders the lead essentially insoluble in sulphuric acid, and so, in the past, a useful container of this acid. Lead reacts slowly with hydrochloric acid and nitric acid, HNO3. In the latter case, nitrogen oxides are formed together with lead(II) nitrate, Pb(NO3)2. Lead dissolves slowly in cold alkalis to form plumbites Boiling Point: 2013K 1740C 3164F Coefficient of lineal thermal expansion: Enthalpy of Atomization: 194.6 kJ/mole @ 25C Enthalpy of Vaporization: 179.4 kJ/mole Flammablity Class: Non-combustible solid (except as dust) Melting Point: 600.6K 327.6C 621.7F Pysical State (at 20C Vapor Pressure = 4.21E-07Pa@327.6C A. Ways in which lead enters the body Lead can be absorbed into the body by inhalation (breathing) and ingestion (eating). Lead is not absorbed through the skin. Inhalation of lead is considered the most important source of occupational exposure. When lead is scattered in the air as a dust or fume, it can be inhaled and absorbed through the lungs and upper respiratory tract. Lead can also enter the digestive system if...

Tuner circuit tt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Tuner circuit tt - Essay Example The reader will have an overall concept of the use of tuner circuits as well as the theory behind them. One of the most essential circuits in the communication field is a tuner circuit. (Godse & Bakshi, 2010) stated that a tuner circuit can be defined as a speaker that amplifies specific band of frequencies. Also, a tuner circuit can be used in televisions and radio. It is thus important to study tuner circuits because they are used in nearly all electronic devices, including remote-controlled model aircrafts and space satellites. Tuner circuits work when the amplifier plays an important thing in electrical and electronic devices. The work of an amplifier here is to add to the amplitude of a signal waveform, devoid of altering other constraints of the waveform, such as frequency or wave shape (Learnabout-electronics.org, 2015). Tuner circuits come in different types such as tuned amplifier, which is used to select and amplify a specific high frequency or narrow band of frequencies. To achieve these things in a circuit, resistive load is replaced by a parallel tuned circuit (LC), whose impedance is strongly achieved upon frequency (Transistor Tuned Amplifiers). Resonance frequency occurs when the inductor and capacitor are equal. This report will show the establishment, the point at which the frequencies of the input signal on output is produced, discuss the results, and explain the operation of the circuit. Table 1 shows the equipments that were used in the report, while connecting them to oscilloscope, to show the changing of the waveform with changing frequencies and function generator Input signal: 100mV peak-to-peak 5k Hz to 500k Hz. The Q factor or the Quality factor refers to the ratio of energy that is in a circuit to the energy that is lost in one cycle (Godse & Bakshi, 2010). Internal resistance of a circuit and the implementation of the magnetic field cause

Consumer Perceptions of Mobile Phone Marketing A Critical Analysis Assignment

Consumer Perceptions of Mobile Phone Marketing A Critical Analysis - Assignment Example There is lack of clarity in conceptualization, and consequentially, in Operationalization of the concept, that is, measurement of the variables consisting of specific observations.   â€Å"Consumer perceptions of mobile phone marketing† has been relegated to the second place as an ‘incidental factor’ which could be inferred from the author’s statement, â€Å"Thus, it is proposed that a consumers level of involvement with their mobile phone will influence their decision to adopt or reject marketing communications sent via this channel†    Internet, telephone, and media are converging with greater velocity.   The mobile phone is the property of the user.   When his mobile phone is used without his consent for marketing, his initial reaction may be indifference or negative.  Ã‚  Ã‚  The individual’s perception is dependant upon the utility derived by him.   Therefore, blending utility aspect in marketing is necessary to improve the consumers’ perception.   Advertising through SMS is gaining momentum as a part of mobile marketing, and the marketing strategies of trade and business can’t ignore mobile phones in the field of advertising.   The sample does not represent the population meaningfully.   The samples used in the methodology might have been suitable for mobile phone usage in Colleges and Universities.   The observations would be homogenous as it will not reflect the disparities in income in the society.   Important factors such as such as income levels, age group, business or employment background, educational backgrounds etc. have no bearing on the samples selected for observation and analysis. The original study examined â€Å"how a consumers perception of the relative advantages, compatibility and complexity associated with mobile phone marketing, and their involvement with their mobile  phone, influenced their intention to accept marketing communication sent via this channel.†

Arts and communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Arts and communication - Essay Example suous because it is here that the definition differs from a simple, nearly involuntary expression of shock or anger and the almost automatic directives of everyday communication. In order to be considered art, the form of expression must be capable of inciting an emotional response in some form of premeditated presentation. While the art itself may be to a large extent spontaneous, the display of it as such would qualify for the required element of premeditation while the encouragement to others of stopping and reflecting upon the emotions this display evokes elicits the sensuous response. Although art can be appreciated for its aesthetic values alone, it can also be put to work for a variety of other reasons, such as advocating a particular political or ideological concept. This is most often accomplished through mass media which is influenced by and influences political and corporate agendas. However, in this more fragmented society, in which socially isolated individuals become mo re susceptible to exterior manipulation, propaganda produced within the mass media has a repressing effect upon the mass population. This, in turn, has a repressing effect upon the art that is being produced as only those art forms that support the dominant conventions gain notice. This single viewpoint shared across all mediums is referred to as hegemony. However, there is another art form that subverts these restrictions. Graffiti, largely identified as an illegal art, has been used by artists as a means of expressing resistance to this hegemonic shift in countries around the world. The definition of graffiti changes depending upon who is providing the definition. Although often referred to as art, its artistic merits are frequently ignored or deemed unimportant, as is exemplified in the definition provided by the Dublin City Council (â€Å"What is Graffiti?†, 2007) in which only one of the five listed characteristics even mentions its artistic qualities: â€Å"Graffiti is

Judicial Precedent A Practice Of The Courts Law Essay

Judicial Precedent A Practice Of The Courts Law Essay Judicial precedent: Where past decisions of judges are followed in future cases when the facts of the cases are similar. Once a judge decides a legal principle, it is required that is used in future legal cases with similar issues or facts. This is also known as case law or common law which has developed by broadening down from precedent to precedent. Therefore the legal definition of Judicial precedent can be stated as a courts judgment quoted as an authority for deciding a similar set of facts; a case which serves as authority for the legal principle established in its judgement. It refers to the way in which the law is made and amended through the decisions of judges. Thus, judicial precedent is based on the judges judgement, hierarchy of courts and a good system of law reporting judges. The judicial precedents doctrine is based on the stare decisis principle to stand upon decisions and by which precedents are authoritative and binding and must be followed. In practice, this means that lower courts are bound to apply the legal principles set down by superior courts in earlier cases. This provides balance and certainty in the law. A precedent is always based upon the two factors the ratio decidendi which means a reason for the decision and obiter dictum which means something said by the way and also the decisions made in the previous relevant cases. The ratio decidendi of a case is the important part of establishing precedents that binds inferior courts in the hierarchy. When a judge makes his judgement in a case, he outlines the facts which he finds have been proved on the evidence. Then he applies the law to those facts and reaches at a decision, for which he gives the reason (ratio decidendi). Whereas obiter dictum is a decision given by a judge that has only incidental bearing on the case in question and is therefore not binding in later cases. The decision of the judge may vary according to the facts of the case and is not strictly relevant to the matter in the issue in the original case. The ratio decidendi is the binding part of a judicial decision whereas an obiter dictum isnt. Though, an obiter dictum may be of persuasive (as opposed to binding) authority in later cases. Even if any difficulty arises, the judge will give reasons for his decision, however he will not always tell what the ratio decidendi of case is, and it is then up to a later judge to figure out (elicit) the ratio of the case. However, there may be disagreement over what the ratio is and there may be more than one ratio. Thus, it is not always easy to distinguish ratio decidendi from obiter dictum when evaluating the effects of a particular decision however; when judicial precedent is used, the judge follows or takes the reference of a decision made in a similar past cases that has already been judged upon and he is ruling the same way using the other case as a guideline. Whereas whilst setting judicial precedent the judge renders a decision in a case of a type that had never been tried, or ruled upon in the past, which is completely new, and that his verdict would set the precedent by which all future cases might be judged. Judges, by the way, are not always required to follow prece dent in making rulings. Therefore law reporting, hierarchy of courts and a method of distinguishing between obiter dicta ratio decidendi are considered to be the key features of judicial precedent. The general rule of the precedent is that all courts are bound to follow decisions made by their superior courts and appellate courts are usually bound by their own previous decisions. Any decision made by a superior court is utterly binding on subsequent inferior courts. However, certain of the superior courts consider themselves as bound by their own decisions whilst others dont. Until 1966 The House of Lords was bound by its own previous decisions when Lord Gardiner LC announced a change of practice. The Practice Statement [1966] 1 WLR 1234 stated that even though the House of Lords would treat its decisions as normally binding, it would move off from these when it appeared right to do so. This power has been used carefully. A decision of the House of Lords binds all lower courts but does not regard itself as strictly bound by its previous decisions, for example, in Murphy v Brentwood District Council (1990) the House overruled its earlier decision in Anns v London Borough of Merton (1978) on the issue of a local authoritys liability in negligence to prospect purchasers of property. The Court of Appeal is bound by decisions of the House of Lords although it considers them to be wrong. However in Young v Bristol Aeroplane Co Ltd [1944] KB 718, the Court of Appeal held that it was bound by its own previous decisions subject to the following three exceptions: i. If there is conflict between own previous decisions, the Court of Appeal must decide which is to be followed and which is to be rejected. ii. The Court of Appeal must not follow its own decision which cannot stand with a decision of the House of Lords even if its decision hasnt been expressly overruled by the House of Lords. iii. The Court of Appeal need not to follow its own decision if satisfied that it was given per incuriam (literally, by carelessness or mistake). The High Court and the county courts are bound by the decisions of the court of appeal. Principally there is no difference in the application of stare decisis in the civil and criminal divisions of the Court of Appeal. In practice, in addition to the Young exceptions, because a persons liberty may be at stake, precedent is not followed as strictly in the criminal division however judges tend to follow the decisions of the high court for the sake of certainty. For example R v Taylor [1950] 2 KB 368. The High Court is bound by the decisions of Court of Appeal and the House of Lords however it is not bound by other High Court decisions. The county courts are bound by the decisions of individual high courts. House of Lords and the Court of Appeal binds Divisional Court and normally follows a previous decision of another Divisional Court but if they believe that the previous decision was wrong, they may depart. For eg. R v Greater Manchester Coroner, ex parte Tal [1985] QB 67. The Crown Court judgements are not binding, though they are of persuasive authority. Therefore, Crown Court judges are not obliged to follow them. The decisions made by the judges of county courts and magistrates courts are not binding. They are not usually reported in the law reports as they are rarely important. Judicial precedent is one of the most important source of English law. An original precedent created and applied a new rule whereas the later decisions, of the higher courts, can have a number of effects upon precedents. Particularly they may be: Reversed: where on appeal in the same case the decision is reversed and the appeal court substitute its own decision. Overruled: Overruling can occur if the previous court fail to apply law correctly, or because the later court considers that the rule of law contained in the previous ratio decidendi is no longer desirable. then a higher court can overrule a decision made in an earlier case by a lower court. For example, the Court of Appeal can overrule an earlier High Court decision. A refusal to follow: the court may refuse to follow the earlier decision especially when it is not bound by the decision or can not overrule it but does not wish to follow it. Distinguished: where an earlier case is rejected as authority, either because the different material facts or because the statement of law in the previous case is too narrow to be properly applied to the new set of facts. Explained: a judge may seek to study or discuss an earlier decision before applying it or distinguishing it, thus the impact of the earlier case is varied in the circumstances of the present case. A decision which is reached per incuriam is one reached by carelessness or mistake, and can be avoided. In Morelle v Wakeling [1955] 2 QB 379 Lord Evershed MR stated that the only case in which decisions should be held to have been given per incuriam are those of decisions given in ignorance or forgetfulness of some inconsistent statutory provision or of some authority binding on the court concerned. In Secretary of State for Trade and Industry v Desai (1991) The Times 5 December, Scott LJ said that to come within the category of per incuriam it must be shown that the decision involved some manifest slip or error but also that to leave the decision standing would be likely, inter alia, to produce serious inconvenience in the administration of justice or significant injustice to citizens. However, this rule does not permit the Court of Appeal to ignore decisions of the House of Lords. In Cassell v Broome [1972] AC 1027 Lord Denning MR held the House of Lords decision in Rookes v Barnard [1964] AC 1129 to be per incuriam on the basis that it ignored previous House of Lords decisions. He was rebuked sternly by the House of Lords who considered that the Court of Appeal really only meant that it did not agree with the earlier decision: Even if this is not so, it is not open to the Court of Appeal to give gratuitous advice to judges of first instance to ignore decisions of the House of Lords. (Lord Hailsham) There are three types of Precedent, Original, Binding and Persuasive. Precedent can be used instead of statutory law in civil cases. Precedent is also known as a common-law, whereby judges follow the outcome. Original Precedent: If the point of law is absolutely new and has never been decided before, the decision then judge comes to will form a new precedent for subsequent cases. These cases are persuasive but not binding on the court. Original Precedent is whereby the case is new and has never been in trial, for eg. the cases heard regarding the 7th July 2005 London bombings were Original Precedent as the cases were never heard before a UK judge and hence this rulings would be Original Precedents. Binding Precedent: When a case involves a point of law, the lawyers for both sides will research past cases to try and find decisions that will help their clients win the case. A past decision is only binding if the decision is at the right level in the hierarchy and the facts of the second case are sufficiently similar and also Only the ratio decidendi of the earlier case is binding If a court previously decides on a case the same as the one in front, precedent would be used. For eg, if a person commits murder and there are circumstances whereby the judge ruled that this person is not guilty, then a case in equal standing or the case having the same circumstances, in a later ruling can use the precedent to find the person not guilty. Persuasive Precedent: A persuasive precedent is not completely binding on a court but may be applied. The examples can be given as: a. Decisions of English courts lower in the hierarchy. For eg, the House of Lords may follow a Court of Appeal decision, and the Court of appeal may follow a High Court decision, even though not strictly bound to do so. b. Decisions made by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. c. Decisions made in the courts in Scotland, Ireland, the Commonwealth (especially Australia, Canada and New Zealand), and the USA. These decisions are usually cited specially where there is a shortage or absolute lack of English authority on a point. d. Obiter dicta of English judges. Judges use a tool called Distinguishing to avoid following a previous decision which they would otherwise be bound to follow. Distinguishing helps to keep judicial precedent and the law flexible. Where a judge founds that the material facts of the present case to be considerably different from the earlier case, then he may distinguish both d cases and refuse to follow earlier decision. For eg. Merritt v Merritt (1971) and Balfour v Balfour (1919) Judicial Law Making Decisions of judges are used to develop many areas of the law, for eg. Tort of negligence. The speed at which the law develops mostly depends on whether the judge is an active or passive law maker. in the case of R v R (1991) an active law making can be seen, where the House of Lords ruled that rape within marriage was a criminal offence. Also in the case of C v DPP (1995) An example of passive law making can be seen where the House of Lords refused to change the presumption about criminal responsibility of children under the age of 14, thinking that it was the job of Parliament to make such major changes to our law. Like every coin has two sides, there are also advantages and disadvantages of Judicial Precedent Advantages * There is certainty in the law. Only by looking at existing precedents it is possible to forecast a decision and plan accordingly. * There is uniformity in the law. Similar cases will be treated in the same way. This helps to give the system a sense of justice and to make the system acceptable to the public. * Judicial precedent is flexible. There are a number of ways to avoid precedents and this enables the system to change and to adapt to new situations. * Judicial precedent is practical in nature. It is based on real facts, unlike legislation. * Judicial precedent is detailed. There is a wealth of cases to which to refer. Disadvantages * Difficulties can arise in deciding what the ratio decidendi is, particularly if there are a number of reasons. * Rigidity The system is too rigid and does not allow the law to develop enough. * Injustice The strict rules of judicial precedent can create injustice in individual cases * Slow Development The law is slow to develop under the system of judicial precedent. The law cannot be changed until a case on a particular point of law comes before one of the higher appellate courts. * Confusion Hundreds of cases are reported each year, making it hard to find the relevant precedent which should be followed. * Complexity The law is too complex with thousands of fine distinctions.

The Murder of Emmett Till

Clearly, the murder of Emmett Till was a major part of the Civil Rights Movement because it had opened the eyes of citizens who had believed there was no difference living as a person of color than there was living as a white person. The Emmett Till case was about a young boy who was visitings some relatives up in Money, Mississippi. He rode in a car with a few other cousins and family members around his age (14) to Bryant's Grocery and Meat Market, when one of Emmett's relatives had recommended that he attempt to get with the clerk of the store. However after attempting to flirt with her he left unsuccessful and gave her a kiss on her cheek. The clerk then told her husband about the encounter and how she was approached as Emmett made unwilling advances upon the clerk. As Emmett left the store he had bragged about how he â€Å"Got a Date† with the clerk, his relatives were instantly worried for his safety warning him that it was dangerous to make advances on white people, especially women. After being taken to the home in which his relatives lived in, there was commotion at the door, then all of a sudden. The clerks husband and his brother in law had barged into the room where Emmett was sleep and drug him outside and beat him to near death. They had thought of taking him to a hospital and giving them a fake story about how they found him beaten up, but decided he was a lost cause and tied a cinder block to his ankle and dropped what was left of him down the Tallahatchie River to sleep with the fishes. After three days of the kidnapping of Till they had found his body in the Tallahatchie River, the only way they knew it was him was by the ring on his finger, a ring his father had given to him. The news had spread around Till's family quickly, and his mother demanded his body be brought back to chicago so he can be buried properly. She had also requested that the funeral had an open casket to show the 50,000 people that attended the funeral just what those men had done to her son. She had later set up a trial to put the two men who had murdered her boy behind bars, however after hours of the court arguing who did what and who didn't do what, the two men were found not guilty for the murder of 14 year old Emmett Till

Occupational Medicine Essay

Asbestos is a mineral that is crystalline in nature and that has high degrees of durability, flexibility and resistance to corrosion by chemicals and heat. Asbestos is commonly used for making building materials for example floor tiles, ceilings, asbestos cement products, fireproofing material and insulation products, gaskets, coatings, textile products and automotive brakes. Shipbuilders use asbestos for insulation of hot water pipes, steam pipes and boilers. Globally, the incidence of disease related to asbestos is expected to peak around 30 to 40 years following the period when there was peak usage (CDC, 2003). Many of the patients who have lung disease related to asbestos have a history of exposure, often this history is strong but there are occasions when significant disease occurs in patients who have had minimal exposure and sometimes even with unknown exposure (Oreilly et al, 2007). Asbestos fibres are often expelled after an individual has swallowed or inhaled them, however not all the fibres are expelled. Some are left in the lungs and remain lodged there permanently. Upon accumulation they cause scarring of lung tissue and inflammation too. This then results in lung disease which affects breathing and air exchange (Solicitor advice, 2007). When inhaled, asbestos fibres leads to a variety of conditions, among these being lung cancer, pleural plaques, asbestosis, malignant mesothelioma and benign pleural effusion among others. Patients present with these conditions related to asbestos exposure long after they have been exposed. The latent period from the time of exposure to the manifestation of the clinical disease is very long. Initially the signs and symptoms are not specific and therefore occupational history becomes a good guide to suspicions that the clinician may have. Risk factors for development of lung disease related to asbestos include exposure to asbestos such as in occupations like construction workers, shipyard workers, boilermakers and rail road workers. Minimizing and avoiding further exposure are important in reducing further damage when one has been diagnosed with the asbestos related disease. Patients who smoke have an even higher risk of developing these conditions making cessation of smoking an essential factor in reducing risk (Oreilly, McLaughlin and Beckett, 2007). The risk increases with the duration of smoking, therefore it is necessary to stop smoking and also avoid second hand smoke through passive smoking. Smokers who have been exposed to asbestos have a greater predisposition to development of lung cancer than those exposed to asbestos who are non-smokers. For a long time Australia has lagged behind other countries such as the UK and the USA in terms of regulation and legislation concerning asbestos related disease and worker’s compensation. This was the case especially in the I970s when the there were few common law claims by victims of asbestos related lung disease even in situations where the conditions resulted from negligence by the asbestos industries (Formato and Gordon, 2007). This was despite the fact that there was a considerable increase in the number of people suffering from mesotheliomas among those working in Wittenoom for ABA Limited, a company that mined and milled asbestos. Some of the obstacles facing the claimants were overwhelming and it is highly probable that the Statute of Limitations was a barring factor for most of these claims. In addition getting hold of company information was also very difficult and often the corporate end withheld information from the claimants and their legal advisers. Presently, Postal, Defence and Telecommunications employees and other government employees are covered by a no fault benefit scheme referred to as Comcare Australia. The entitlements under this scheme are such that the employee is required to choose between compensation entitlements under the Common Law Damages or under the Comcare Act. One of the most significant barriers under the Comcare Act is the complexity of the legislative framework. Not until the government agency has received the claim for purposes of determination and then reconsideration can one get into a court or a tribunal (Formato and Gordon, 2007). The laws for compensation show some variance from one State to another. In a general sense, however compensation claims can be made under common law for a variety of reasons. These include, medical (these include expenses for hospitalization and treatment) and pharmaceutical expenses for the past and the future, for pain and suffering and for loss of the capacity to earn an income as well as for loss of income (Solicitor advice, 2007). The courts also award compensation for other things such as domestic assistance costs for the future and the past as well as damages for loss of life expectancy (Solicitor advice, 2007). When making a claim for damages it is best to make the claim as early as possible upon diagnosis of the condition. This helps one to avoid the barriers that come with the statute of limitations on period. For latent conditions such as those related to asbestos, the period may be extended but even then it is best to act soon. For a long time in Western Australia, victims of asbestos related disease could only hope to receive worker’s compensation entitlements. This is because though claims for common law damages were available the tendency was that they were not pursued. The common law claims were faced with the rather harsh and extreme statute of limitations period. It had no provisions for extension beyond six years. There have however been amendments that were introduced which have made it a little less difficult to make claims for diseases related to asbestos. There have however been restrictions on common law claims seeking damages for negligence amongst employers. This was previously unrestricted for all employees not just victims of asbestos related disease. In New South Wales, the compensation scheme for workers is Workcover NSW. The Dust Diseases Board is where Dust Diseases workers can make their claims. A specialist tribunal for dust diseases was set up to hear claims for asbestos related disease. Amendments were later made that did away with the statute of limitations in issues of dust disease. Other amendments included legislation on survivorship where in case a victim passes on before a claim is resolved, the damages are entitled to his/her family (Formato and Gordon, 2007). In all the other states (Victoria, South Australia and Queensland) each state has its own act for worker’s compensation and provisions for limitations. For instance Victoria allows for trial by jury in claims for damages under common law. It has also followed the New South Wales in legislation on survivorship. Only Western Australia has its special court for claims for asbestos related disease. However, there are processes that have evolved for the purpose of fast tracking those claims that are urgent. In determining the risk posed by exposure a history of environmental and occupational exposure is necessary. Some of the issues that need to be established include the specific occupation, how long the person worked at the same occupation and how much (intensity) exposure there was, an example here would be whether the dust was visible or not. Significant exposure is defined as a minimum of several months of exposure to exposure to visible dust that started ten years before (Wagner, 1997). Physical assessment of the patient to determine exposure to asbestos includes a history of occupation and physical signs and symptoms of disease as well as laboratory investigation of the chest by x-ray or CT scan. In this client’s case the history for significant exposure has already been established by the fact that he worked in mining and mixing of asbestos for a period of five years. In addition another identified risk factor is the fact that he used to smoke where he increased his susceptibility to asbestos related lung disease. History also includes the patients reports of exertional dyspnea, Assessment also includes chest spirometry to determine lung function and how much lung function may have been compromised by the condition. Any abnormal results in chest spirometry are followed by pulmonary function tests which involve measuring lung volumes and diffusion capacity. These are also performed in those patients found to have abnormal findings on imaging. Assessment will begin with a head to toe assessment of the client. This will involve checking for signs of poor tissue perfusion as a result of inadequate oxygen uptake by the tissues when lung function of ventilation and air exchange has been compromised. Some of these include finger clubbing and bluish lips. Other symptoms that the patient may report include shortness of breath, tightness around the chest, pain in the chest, dry crackling sounds when breathing in, a cough that is productive and persistent and loss of appetite. These presenting symptoms are however non-specific and generally indicate pathology of the respiratory system. Consequently other methods are used to determine asbestos exposure. Signs of exposure to asbestos include formation of plaque, changes in the pleura of the lungs (thickening) and collection of fluid around the lungs (Betterhealth, 2007). Bodies of asbestos can be identified by a use of a staining technique using a special iron. This confirms actual exposure to asbestos. Formation of pleural plaques is one of the most common responses of the respiratory system to asbestos inhalation with plaques occurring in up to fifty per cent of people exposed to asbestos. They are consequently used as a measure of exposure to asbestos (Boffetta, 2004). These plaques may sometimes not be visible on chest radiography and this leads to the requirement for high resolution CT-scans which have the capacity to identify up to fifty per cent of the plaques that will be found on autopsy. CT scans are commonly used when there is diagnostic uncertainty or for the purpose of making confirmatory tests (Boffetta, 2004). The plaques developed from exposure to asbestos characteristically occur on the lateral walls of the chest and sometimes may occur on the domes of the diaphragm. This causes lung expansion to be impaired making air entry difficult and may account for the chest tightness and chest pain. A computed tomographic scan of the chest helps to demonstrate further the remodelling that may occur as a result of lung tissue destruction. This leads to a decrease in the exchange of oxygen. To diagnose carcinoma of the bronchus a surgical biopsy is required which is done under anaesthesia. From this metastatic cells can be detected. Other methods that can be sued include bronchoscopy, mediastinoscopy and CT scan. This will serve as a confirmatory test for the signs and symptoms which may have been reported by the patient which include, unexplained weight loss, breathlessness, bronchitis that is recurrent, chest pain, blood streaked phlegm, recurrent chest infections or pneumonia and a persistent or changed cough or wheeze (Betterhealth, 2007). The detection of asbestos in the lungs of this patient is important because it means that then the cause of his lung carcinoma can be associated with asbestos and not only cigarette smoking since some of his symptoms are indicative of asbestos exposure. Measurement of the plaques will also assist in proving this link even further since most plaques are an indication of asbestosis-related disease. Clinically, lung cancers associated with asbestos and smoking alone are generally indistinguishable but the risk for lung cancer is increased in smokers (Liddell, 2001). Asbestos and cigarette smoke have an effect of synergism in the causation of lung cancer and in the patient ‘s case his accumulated pack years of cigarette smoking led to the increased risk for asbestos related disease (Hodgson and Darnton, 2006). In lodging his claim for damages the patient will have to present information on treatment that he has undergone as well as the results for all diagnostic tests related to the condition. This will help to make his case stronger as they will provide an indication of the costs of treatment, medication and also the effect of losing means of earning an income to his life and that of his family.

A Guide for Teachers Handling Challenging Parents

A Guide for Teachers Handling Challenging Parents Dealing with difficult parents is virtually impossible for any educator to escape. As a school administrator or teacher, you arent always going to make everybody happy. You are in a position where it is sometimes necessary to make difficult decisions, and parents will sometimes challenge those decisions, especially when it comes to  student discipline  and  grade retention.  It is your job to be diplomatic in the decision-making process and to think through every decision without being rash. The following steps can be very helpful when  dealing with a difficult parent. Be Proactive It is easier to deal with a parent if you can build a relationship with them before a difficult situation arises.  As a school administrator or teacher, it is essential for a number of reasons to build relationships with the parents of your students. If the parents are on your side, then you typically will be able to do your job more effectively. You can be especially proactive by going out of your way to talk to those parents who have a reputation for being difficult. Your goal should always be to be friendly and personable. Show these parents that you make your decisions with your students best interests at heart. This is not the be-all and end-all solution to dealing with difficult parents, but its a good start. Building relationships takes time, and its not always easy, but it can certainly help you in the long run. Be Open-Minded Most parents who complain genuinely feel like their child has been slighted in some way. Although it is easy to be defensive, it is important to have an open mind and to listen to what the parents have to say. Try to see things from their perspective. Often when a parent comes to you with a concern, they are frustrated, and they need someone to listen to them. Be the best listener you can and respond in a diplomatic manner. Be honest and explain the thoughts behind your decision-making. Understand that you are not always going to make them happy, but you can try by showing them that you will take everything they have to say into consideration. Be Prepared It is critical that you be prepared for the worst possible situation when an angry parent comes into your office. You may have parents who storm into your office cursing and screaming, and you will have to handle them without losing control of your own emotions. If a parent is extremely agitated, you can politely ask them to leave and return once they have calmed down. Though a situation like this is rare, you should nevertheless be prepared for a student-teacher meeting that turns combative.  Always have some way to communicate with an administrator, teacher, secretary, or other  school personnel  just in case a meeting gets out of control.  You do not want to be locked in your office or classroom without a plan to get help should this kind of situation arise. Another important aspect of preparation is  teacher training. There are a handful of parents who will bypass a school administrator and go straight to the teacher with whom they have a problem. These situations can turn quite ugly if the parent is in a combative state.  Teachers should be trained to direct the parent to a  school administrator,  walk away from the situation, and immediately call the office to inform them of the situation. If students are present, the teacher should immediately take measures to secure the classroom as quickly as possible.

Entitlement Programs Their Role in the Federal Budget

Entitlement Programs Their Role in the Federal Budget The federal budget process divides federal spending into two areas: mandatory and discretionary. Discretionary spending is spending that is reviewed each year by Congress and is subject to annual decisions made during the appropriations process. Mandatory spending consists of entitlement programs (and a few smaller things). What is an entitlement program? It is a program that establishes certain eligibility criteria and anyone fitting that criteria may receive its benefits. Medicare and Social Security are the two largest entitlement programs. Anyone meeting the eligibility requirements may receive benefits from these two programs. The cost of entitlement programs is soaring as members of the Baby Boom generation retire. Many people say that the programs are on automatic pilot because it is extremely difficult to cut their cost. The only way that Congress can decrease the cost of such programs is to change the eligibility rules or the benefits that are included under the programs. Politically, Congress has not liked to change the eligibility rules and tell voters that they no longer can receive the benefits they once were entitled to receive. Yet entitlement programs are the most expensive portion of the federal budget and are a major factor in the national debt.

Key Factors that Underpin a Successful Entrepreneurial Team Engaged in Essay

Key Factors that Underpin a Successful Entrepreneurial Team Engaged in Setting up a Business - Essay Example He is also responsible to bring innovation in the business from time to time. All the entrepreneurial activities have to be planned in an effective way for succeeding in the venture. The business plans can range from plans for operation to strategic planning and financial planning. All these plans must be integrated in such a way so that the enterprise could achieve the desired objectives. The various departments should be linked with each other so that a proper coordination can be achieved among them. Nowadays enterprise is not only established by one person but a group of people who have common interest and work for the business. They work as a team in pursuit of the organisational goal. They are the entrepreneurial team. For the success of such type of entrepreneurial teams, every team member must have the qualities of the entrepreneur. They must have the vision, the capacity to arrange the resources and must act as per the plan. Apart from the basic entrepreneurial skills, there are other factors which lead the entrepreneurial teams to success. The success of an entrepreneur or the entrepreneurial team depends upon the success of the enterprise. ... , analysing the competition in the chosen field, analysing the operational work, analysing the human resource requirement, checking the financial viability of the business etc. This is a primary and very important step of setting up a business. Once the business plan is ready the next step is to analyse and take the assistance required for stating the business. The third step is to choose the location of the business. This step requires the analysis of the format of the business and the competitors. The location should be such which could be easily accessible to the customers and the suppli8ers, close to the competitors etc. The next step is to finance the business. This includes arranging the fund for the operations of the venture. Once the finance for the venture is arranged, the next step is to determine the structure of the business. In this step the suitable legal structure is determined according to the government rules and taxation policies and also the viability of the busine ss. The next step is to get the business registered as per the rules and regulations of the state. Once the business is registered, the next step is to register the organisation for the local taxes and the other taxes. After all types of registrations is done one applies for the required licences and permits for operating the business. This is a legal requirement without which an enterprise cannot function in the market. The last step for setting up a new business is to hire the required and efficient human resource needed for the enterprise (US Small Business Administration, No Date). Entrepreneurial process In the previous section the basic steps required for setting up a new business has been discussed. The entrepreneurial process is also to an extent similar to those steps. The

Research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Research Paper Example Consequently, the innocent young girl encounters an enormous wolf in the woods in the process of delivering food to her grandmother. Thus, the young girl innocently informs the wolf of her destination. The wolf then goes ahead and swallows the girl’s grandmother. Unsatisfied, the evil wolf decides to wait for the young girl in the pretense of her grandmother. However, upon arrival the young girl notices some strange behaviors concerning her grandmother. First, her voice was extremely deep. In addition, her eyes and hands were also immensely enormous. Moreover, her mouth was also enormous. However, before the little girl could unravel the happenings the wolf pounced on her and swallowed her (Zipes 4). With his tummy full, the wolf fell into a deep sleep. However, in his deep sleep a stranger comes to the rescue of the duo. He cuts the wolf’s belly open with a saw to the delight of Little Red Riding Hood and her grandmother who emerge from the wolf’s belly unscathe d. Therefore, in order to teach the evil wolf a lesson the trio fills its belly with stones. Eventually, when the wolf wakes up he decides to run away, however, the stones weigh him down. Consequently, he collapses and dies. Therefore, it is clear that the tale attempts to outline the dangers of the enormous forest. In comparison with forest, the village offers a safe home as opposed to the former. Therefore, the tale was aimed at checking little children from engaging in dangerous practices since they could end up being harmed. COMPARISON WITH OTHER TALES Other tales such as Peter and the Wolf or The Wolf and the Seven Young Kids also employ a similar thematic footing. In both cases, the tales paint a thematic scenario in which an individual emerges unscathed from the belly of an evil wolf. As such, this thematic setting has been embraced by other numerous tales (Meidell 175). This overwhelming semblance to other fairy tales can be attributed to the origin of the tale reason being that the tale embraces a medieval bias that was popular in the ancient times. This similarity can also be associated with the moral lessons learnt from the tale. HISTORY OF LITTLE RED RIDING HOOD TALE Little Red Riding Hood has its origin rooted in various versions of the story in Europe. Consequently, its original versions date back to the 17th century (Iona and Peter 93). However, the tale was also told in both Italy and France in the fourteenth century. Consequently, this version was referred to as The False Grandmother. Therefore, this implies that the title of the tale varied from one region to another. As such, the original versions significantly differ from the present day versions (Tatar 17). For instance, the antagonist of the story needs not necessarily be a wolf. This implies that in other versions of the tale the antagonist is presented as a different character. For instance, an ogre is employed as an antagonist instead of a wolf. Other manuscripts also depict the antago nist in the form of a dragon. Nevertheless, the antagonist is depicted as a wolf in most cases. Since the tale is mainly meant for young audiences, the depiction of the antagonist as a wolf enables the audiences to easily associate and relate with the tale while appreciating its message. Consequently, depiction of the antagonist as an ogre may be effective for African audiences. However, in all these versions, the antagonist is depicted as an enormous and dangerous being. Moreover, the antagonist is

The application of sustainability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The application of sustainability - Essay Example Hence, CABE, the government’s advisor on architecture, urban design and public space, considers investment in sustainable development as a national insurance policy, which makes cities better places to live in, creating new jobs and reducing fuel scarcity and traffic congestion. Seven issues have been highlighted by CABE to focus on while working towards sustainability. They are: reducing energy usage, optimising power supply to buildings, making streets fit for people, rethinking waste, planning for shortage/excess of water, moderating heat, and creating green spaces. The most important step towards achieving sustainability is reducing the inefficient use of finite resources. Reduction targets should be fixed, progress reviewed, effects updated regularly and published. The leaders should be able to think long-term and make long-term decisions and long-term goals. Energy and waste should be planned and managed together. There should be greater control of land and assets with i ncreased investment in energy security, flood protection and water supply. Investments should be made in urban forestry, and buildings should be assessed for sustainable designs. Valuation and asset management should be reviewed, shifting focus to long-term returns ensuring more protection from boom and bust cycles (CABE 2009, p.9). Fragmentation of land ownership could lead to sub-standard maintenance of land and the structures on it. Cities should create an energy strategy, involving the utility companies, tracing the current and future needs and planning for the future, prioritising low-carbon, sustainable energy sources. Efforts should be made to reduce energy consumption to power buildings. Renewable energy technologies should be used along with behavioural changes to ensure energy security. The transportation system, including the roads, should be planned is such a way that there is minimum need for travel. Streets should be maintained in an improved

Video game research coms 472 Essay Example for Free

Video game research coms 472 Essay Video Game and Harassment: The medium that will be used is through video. The narrative format will resemble half way between a TED talk and a report. This will enable me to criticize the current state of online gaming and the constant harassment that occurs for women gamer. I am attempting to schedule some interviews from women gamer in order to receive feedback on the topic. At the same time, I’ve organized a couple of interviews of friends that easily fit in the higher percentage of ‘hardcore’ gamers (+ 10hrs of gaming a week), that were testers for different genre of gaming. I will also utilize documentary footage and videos from various youtube channels in regards to state real statistics about gaming, as well as my own research when applicable. Segment I: Video Game Industry at a glimpse (~2-3mins) The aim in this section is to present the importance of gaming as an industry. Doing so will further the importance of female harassment that occurs within the medium. The origin of video games is highly debated among gamers. Some consider the birth of video games in 1961, when MIT students created Spacewar! Others believe the birth of video games, through the creation of an actual video game company, placing Atari and Pong as the soul founder of video game culture, in 1972. Regardless who stemmed the culture, the success of theses few games snowballed into the arcade age, where many arcade games such as Pac-Man, Asteroids, and Space Invaders were seen in malls, movie theaters, and even grocery stores. Unfortunately, Atari made a fundamental mistake. Believing they had struck a gold mine by creating a new market, they quickly produced multiple games with no regards to the quality of the individual games. Though gamers created a viable business for companies, they also were picky about what they wanted to play. Most of theses games did not create a turnover and forced Atari to go Bankrupt. In 1985, Nintendo came out with the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) and moved the arcade to home entertainment system. It was bundled with Super Mario Bros and quickly became a huge success (Herz 20). During the 1980s, the video- game market became more and more popular, and the budget for the creation of video games increased as well, as more and more publishers and fans bought into the craze. It is at this time that the first console war occurred. Indeed, in 1989, Sega came out with the Sega Genesis, and Nintendo responded with the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. Next came the Sega Saturn, and the Sony PlayStation in 1994 and 1995. Then came the Nintendo 64, in 1996 selling more than 1. 5 million units in just 3 months. By the end of this era, Sony had become a leader in the video-game market, while Sega had fallen behind and was not doing very well. Today video games (across all platforms) are a 101 billion-dollar industry, almost more then film and music combined (= 88. 3 +15). The GTA V from the Rockstar franchise has surpassed 1 billion dollars in revenue, and will most likely keep growing with a new release on recent platforms (PS4, XBOX 1). The budget for the recent Activision shooter title Destiny was near the 500 Million dollar mark. Nearly half of all US homes own one game entertainment system, and 23 percent own more than three, according to Nielsen Entertainment. Furthermore, the average age of the gamer is now 30 years old. It is not simply a hobby, but a clear culture, with different levels of gamers within it. Segment II: Who are the gamers? Where do women stand/rank? (5 mins) This segment will enable me to explain the importance of the female demographic and where they stand as a group. This segment will introduce certain interviews or comments I will capture during the 5 a 7 at the Concordia TAG center. (All stats from entertainment software association) Today from the way video games are marketed, anyone could think that the majority of gamers are men. Recent studies have debunked this myth by presenting an impressive 40% to 47% of the gaming population are actually women. Typically, the common response to this statement is quickly pushed aside; stereotyping girls to only certain genre of gaming, including limited relaxation/board games and cell phone games. Within that mindset it could legitimize the reason why certain games are only catered to men. But once again certain instances prove otherwise; in 2009 the most popular xbox game for boys/men was Halo 3, also the favourite among women! Furthermore, the top 8 favourite games on PC that year were the same among men and women! Women do play theses games, in fact there is close to 84 Million female gamer in the US alone. The issue not being addressed here is the way theses women are being treated within that culture. Segment III: Dark side of the gaming culture (5mins) This segment will enable me tackle head on the biggest issue that occurs within the gaming culture. It is not the sexist representation of women, it is not the violence depicted through different games. The biggest issue, and it solely could explain the gender divide among hard-core gamers (ratio is 1 to 7), is the recurring harassment. In this segment I will include small interviews of close friends that have been testing games for a while, and will have a critical view of the industry based on their experience. Out of all female gamers 68% of them have revealed to experience harassment from playing video games. It is a constant experience that is easily catalogued through different blogs. This is why women hide whom they are playing online, just to be able to indulge in North America new favourite pass time. There are many instances of theses accidents reported, and even gaming celebrities (Aris Bakhtanians) have shrugged the issue, explaining that it is what the culture has been built on and will not change. (â€Å"Sexual harassment is part of this culture†). Another instant is reporter Anita Sarkeesian who was harassed about her comments on the portrayal of women in video game and fundraiser attempts to raise awarness. She was forced to shut down all social media accounts due to recurring threats and phone calls threatening her. (A game was created with the simple purpose to beat this woman up). What we have here is a fundamental problem across all levels of the video game culture.

Essay --

Introduction According to the American Nurse Association, nursing has the second greatest job growth in all US professions. However, the number of nursing shortage is only increasing as the years go by. During the hard times that many Americans have been facing in this economy, there have been lots of nurses whom have been let go from their work field, have re-entered their field just so they can provide for their families, or even nursing students whom have felt discouraged from entering their field professionally because of the nursing shortage situations. To specify in a field, the reason for nursing shortage in the OR can be because of lack of peroperative education or experience, nurses wanting to work in other areas, or the trouble of drawing nurses into this field. Models of Transition When nurses chose to transition from their customary role to emerging roles in health care or maybe even away from nursing to another career, they might encounter challenges that may perhaps affect the way they feel about change. Bridges and Spencer and Adams summarize the models of transition and describe the challenges and difficulties that one may encounter when going through transition. According to Blais and Hayes, Bridges explains a model of general transition that all people go through when encountering change, whether it is obtaining a leadership role, transitioning from a school environment to an actual practice, or choosing to go back to school to further your education. It is broken down into three stages: the ending, the neutral zone, and the new beginnings. In the ending phase, an individual faces the beginning of change and might be resistant, but must learn to â€Å"let go† (Blais & Hayes, 2011, p. 5). This phase is then broke... ...xpand. Before choosing a program though to further your education, one must know exactly what goal they would like to achieve. Ones leadership roles, research ability, health care education, and overall general knowledge must advance in order to further their career. (Cunningham, 2012) Conclusion As I reflect on this paper, I realize that it is okay to feel a certain way when going through change. As a matter of fact, I have spoken to one of my peers who will also be applying to the nursing program this upcoming Fall and it turns out that she has also been feeling this way. I am not alone in this like I thought I was. I have realized that whatever is worth it, will not come easy. It is going to be an emotional roller coaster filled with doubts, excitement, success, let downs, but in the end it will definitely be worth it. I will be the nurse that I aspire to be.

“A Taste of Honey” Shelagh Delaney Essay

In â€Å"A Taste of Honey† Shelagh Delaney presents Jo as a young woman looking for security and love. Compare the relationships she has with Helen, her boyfriend and Geoff. To what extent does she find security and love with each? Shelagh Delaney the writer of the play â€Å"A Taste of Honey† was born on November 25th 1939 in Salford, England. It was in school when she saw her first play, an amateur performance of Shakespeare’s â€Å"Othello†. She was only twelve at the time, and the play made a great impression on her. When she was seventeen, she began writing â€Å"A Taste of Honey† as a novel but later realised that it would be better as a play so it was first performed in 1958, accepted by Joan Littlewood, a famous director of the Political Theatre who strongly believed that plays should be about ordinary people. â€Å"A Taste of Honey† is mainly about a young working class girl who refuses to conform to her dreary surroundings and way of life. When the play was introduced, it was rare to find any of the situations portrayed in any other plays as the circumstances of each of the characters in the play were polemic and unaccepted by a neglectful society. Keeping up the appearances was an important factor in life, and at the time public disgrace was a horrendous situation to be involved in., so it almost became a day to day struggle to keep others satisfied with a suitable personal image that no one had the right to question. People were often very prejudiced about things like origin and race, sexual inclination, promiscuity and sex before marriage. To be involved in any of those things was a serious act for concern from the family and members of the community. At the time people were very religious and strict with regards to homosexuality, promiscuity and sex before marriage, in households from the 20th century, there was rarely a laid back mentality when these situations happened in the conventional life of an ordinary person. It was very common for a youngster to be involved in any of the above, as the senior members relied on their traditional customs and philosophies and took a lot of care in their every move. Ironically this play doesn’t seem very concerned with all the issues that emerge from that society, and makes it a much more rebellious and interesting play to watch. However interesting it was, not everyone agreed with the content of the play, as some reviewers confessed that this was the first play they had seen with a coloured person and a homosexual man. Jo is a 15-year old girl who seems to have been unfortunate in life due to the circumstances that we see her in at the start of the play. By the way of life she leads, we learn that she is not happy or satisfied with herself or with her only relative, her mother. She displays inappropriate behaviour for a teenager of her time, â€Å"I don’t owe you a thing.† By saying this we learn that she has little respect for Helen and is very distant from her, she also sounds angry and frustrated because she knows she deserves much more and also because Helen has not been a proper mother to her in any way. Something else, which we are able to see from Jo’s lifestyle, is that she is frequently exposed by her mother, to different men coming in and out of Helen’s life. The best example is Peter, a â€Å"close† friend of Helen’s. This is evidently an unsuitable environment for a teenage girl, and clearly shows that Helen is not very concerned about the image she is creating in Jo’s mind. We can conclude that Helen is not only being a terrible example for daughter Jo, but also is offering no security in the sense of stable relationships that can benefit Jo in a good way. Helen doesn’t stand firm in front of Jo and by inviting men into her house, she is loosing all sense of respect for herself and most importantly, for her daughter. Its almost like Helen and Jo are friends who take â€Å"boyfriends† in for intimate relationships. At the start of the play we learn that Helen has a strong drinking problem, â€Å"drink, drink, drink, that’s all you’re fit for. You make me sick.† Jo is directly affected by it, as she has to co-exist with this habit in Helen’s life. We know that she clearly dislikes it and mentions how her mother isn’t good for anything else apart from drinking. This can represent the way Jo feels, since the time she started to realise her mother’s neglectful treat â€Å"you make me sick†, Jo’s frustration has become so great that she has started to hate her mother for being such a bad parent. By mentioning â€Å"that’s all you’re fit for† Jo tells us that Helen has been a total failure in every aspect of motherhood and wasn’t able to demonstrate even the smallest sign of care and affection for daughter Jo. Perhaps Helen thought that alcohol could help ease the pain of not being able to be a good parent and offer love and security to Jo. But once again we see that Helen makes the wrong choice and maybe unconsciously might not realise how much this is also affecting Jo. This drinking problem is once again an appalling example that Helen is transmitting to Jo, as she might think it’s acceptable to drink in order to ease the pain and attempt to sort out problems under a more relaxed but less rational approach. Some readers may think that at the point of Helen’s response to Jo’s comments about drinking, she is completely under the dominion of alcohol, and responds in a cynical way, â€Å"†¦Don’t just stand there shivering; have some of this if you’re so cold†. My reaction to this answer was of utter amazement as I am unable to believe the extent of Helen’s brutality and stupidity. She has just been told by Jo how much she dislikes the habit and still persists on acting irresponsibly and offering an intoxicating drink to her underage daughter. She should have been a little more considerate and thought of a more reasonable solution to Jo’s request. This once again leads us to believe that Helen is offering Jo no security, or protection in any way. Unexpectedly Jo enquires about her father just as her mother is getting ready to marry peter. As she is not pleased with what her mother responds, she declares her as a liar â€Å"You liar†¦ look at me†. This response was obviously generated from the way Helen answered Jo’s question, which evidently wasn’t tactful or sensitive. Until this point we learn that Jo is unaware of who her father is, and this sort of conversation appears to be a serious issue between mother and daughter. Jo seems to feel resentment towards her mother, by the way she says â€Å"you liar†. By hiding this important piece of information to Jo, I believe that Helen has disrespected her daughter in various aspects. Jo as being the product of an intimate relationship between Helen and the man in question is in her full right to demand respect and to know who her progenitor was. This reveals quite a lot about Helen’s personality, as she demonstrates cowardice at the single thought of facing her daughter and telling her the truth about her origin. When Jo says â€Å"look at me†, it becomes clear to us, that she has to prove or disprove her mother’s honesty with a single glance at her eyes. Jo is not entirely sure of this answer and proves to us that she does not trust her mother in her honesty and actions. Helen and Jo keep an uncharacteristic relationship; because it’s not one of mother and daughter love neither a friendly one. They just don’t seem to be able to understand each other as such and therefore have lost all mutual respect and affection, simply because Helen is far too selfish to give up her way of life to ultimately benefit her daughter and herself. It’s like they’ve swapped roles, Helen being the daughter and Jo being the mother, one more responsible and conscious than the other. Jo acts like an adult in many ways, as she shows a clear disapproval upon her surroundings and her mother’s drinking habits, she certainly feels uncomfortable at the men coming in and out of Helen’s life. â€Å"You’ve emptied more bottles down your throat in the last few weeks than I would have thought possible. If you don’t watch it, you’ll end up an old down-out boozer knocking back the meths† Jo is warning Helen that if she isn’t careful with her habits, she will be alcoholic and drinking illicit beverages â€Å"meths†. Jo sounds like she’s disturbed by her mother’s future and has a precautious tone in her voice that makes her sound like a worried mother or wife. At the start of the play, when we meet Helen and Jo, their relationship seems very weak, and doesn’t seem to get any better as the play proceeds; because of this I can predict that as they don’t dedicate sufficient time and effort to form stronger bonds they will not be able to progress and comprehend their individual needs and circumstances. â€Å"†¦Anyway, it’s your life, ruin it your own way†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Helen makes this very strong remark that suggests a very careless thought with regards to Jo’s future. She uses a common tactic that allows her to show a dignified attitude, by offering Jo sufficient freedom to ruin her future and hold her responsible for her actions, consequently saving herself from her daughter’s blame and pain of failing. This shows how careless she is at offering support in Jo’s plans ambitions and dreams. In a way this is a very sad thing to do, because not only does Jo lack financial stability, but also love and emotional security. On the other hand Jo is conscious of her mother’s intentions with regards to a good life for her. â€Å"Ruining my life. After all, you’ve had plenty of practice† this blame on Helen’s performance as mother is quite serious and is good at describing their relationship in general. This allegation is also good to prove the fact that Helen has offered no security or love to Jo. However making matters worse Helen accepts this accusation and unconsciously hurts Jo to a deeper extent saying â€Å"yes, give praise where praise is due, I always say†¦Ã¢â‚¬  pessimistically she responds with no hint of shame at what she has created in Jo, because of her neglectful behaviour. I don’t think that during the play their relationship gets to evolve in a positive or a negative way; however Helen may start to look at Jo as a woman rather than a girl due to the consequence of her relationship with â€Å"boy† and her pregnancy. In act 1 scene 2 Helen leaves her daughter Jo to go and get married to Peter, which in some way helps Jo’s emotional state, as it is supposedly the end of a most hated cohabitation, and the start of a new independent life. I believe that this action taken by Helen was by far the best thing she has done to benefit Jo, perhaps unconsciously but for the benefit of both sides. Helen has been a bad mother because she has never been able to offer Jo pure and unconditional love, instead she has made Jo’s existence imperfect and complicated without a reasonable purpose. I am not trying to justify un-motherly conduct, but she probably was never prepared to facet he responsibilities of a parent. It was completely inappropriate form Helen to allow men and alcohol form a barrier between herself and daughter Jo. Nearer to the conclusion of the play Helen returns to Jo, not to rectify her mistakes but only to make matters worse for poor Jo and her baby, I feel that she came back in a mood of pity and not love for a future single mother. However she may see herself reflected on Jo, and may feel is her duty to come to aid her. I feel great sympathy for Jo at the end of the play, because it seems to me that her life is a cycle that repeats itself over and over again. She is lonely even though she is due to have a baby and has her mother with her. Sadly Helen is still an alcoholic, and is penniless just as Jo is, which will unmistakeably make the baby suffer because of the circumstances. I also feel that since Jo and Helen have avoided resolving their differences and issues, their relationship will carry on deteriorating to a greater extent, until they will not be able to interact any longer as a team or â€Å"family†. Boy holds a fairly important role in the play, as Shelagh Delaney may have used him in order to represent a race and a whole group of people at the time. He is a twenty year old sailor that manages to infiltrate Jo’s heart and lighten up her life to a certain extent, for a short period of time. The reason why Shelagh Delaney doe not provide â€Å"boy† with a name, is because he ends up leaving her and breaking all his made promises, of returning and marrying her. His role in the play is of a young adult who meets Jo and eventually becomes her boyfriend. He also becomes the father of her baby, even though he is not aware of this. The relationship boy has with Jo is completely different to the ones she experiences with all the other characters, this one is of love and mutual understanding. â€Å"I love you†¦because you are daft.† I believe that the most important factor with regards to Jo’s feelings and other characters is that perhaps it is the first time she falls in love with someone, and is answered back in the same way. Even though â€Å"buy† offers love to Jo, he certainly doesn’t offer much security. This is because he enjoys having fun wherever he goes and is not able to make a promise and keep it. â€Å"you’re the first girl who I’ve met who really doesn’t care†¦Ã¢â‚¬  this quote shows that he is someone who’s had many relationships in the past, analyses different behaviours, and therefore has gained experience in the subject. I reckon that Shelagh Delaney wants to make the audience judgemental towards â€Å"boy† because of the way his relationship ends with Jo, and leaving to never come back. In my opinion â€Å"boy† only used Jo to sleep with and never really felt anything special for her, this truly shows the type f person he is. The audience may find that he is genuine and honest about his feelings but then turns out to be insincere and false, however what really damages his image to a higher extent is how he took advantage of Jo’s naivety and innocence. Geoff is another important character in the play, as Shelagh Delaney may have chosen him to represent the fears, hopes and dreams of a secluded group of people, who were judged by their sexual inclination. He is false a person who provides Jo with a strong friendship and some security that perhaps she took for granted. Geoff is someone who lacks self-confidence and is in desperate search for acceptance security and companionship, he wants Jo to look at him as a man with defects and expects from her as much as she receives from him. They have a peculiar relationship as Jo refers to him â€Å"as a big sister† or a womanly figure in the house, â€Å"you are just like an old woman really. You just unfold your bed, kiss me goodnight and sing me to sleep†. This kind of remark may have resulted embarrassing for him as he is a male and much older than Jo. Shelagh Delaney is very effective at revealing Geoff qualities, by telling us the large amounts of efforts he puts into Jo’s house and the way that he takes care of her, â€Å"someone’s got to look after you. You can’t look after yourself†. You would not expect this type of behaviour from a stranger and man in a male dominating society. Another good way the reader can see the qualities in Geoff is by comparing him to Helen, who is the total opposite of her and has taken better care of Jo in a short period of time than she has. From analysing Jo’s and Geoff relationship we can learn that during the time they spend living together they have both been happy and able to co-exist with each other, which is something Helen and Jo were never able to achieve. However there was always this barrier between Jo and Geoff, generated by their different attitudes towards life and other issues that revolved around their respective characters. While Geoff was optimistic, Jo was fairly negative and resembled Helen’s personality to some extent. This factor never really allowed them to enjoy their relationship and their time together to the maximum. â€Å"I think it would be best if you left this place Geoff I don’t think it’s doing you any good being here with me all the time† this tells us that Jo is being honest with him and knows about his need to experience a woman’s desire to prove whether his inclination towards a men is real. To some degree Jo is a little bit arrogant as she declares that she can be self-sufficient and doesn’t need from Geoff to carry on living a normal life. â€Å"Nobody asked you to stay here. You moved in on me, remember? If you don’t like it you can get out, can’t get†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Geoff is a maternal figure to Jo as he is making a great effort to help her out with the preparation for the coming of the baby; something Helen would be more appropriate at doing. â€Å"I thought you changed. Motherhood is supposed to come natural to women† he explain this which such patience and care that almost sounds like he has passed through motherhood himself. This maternal figure is very rare and distinctive in the play as he is the only in the play who offers this sort of care and guidance, despite him being a man. Geoff is nothing like Helen simply because they do not share any qualities or even defects. The only way in which he may resemble Helen’s behaviour is at the end of his role, when he decides to leave Jo and not rebel against Helen’s prejudices and power to throw him out of Jo’s and the baby’s life. just as Helen did, he ends up deserting Jo, and not thinking of the possible emotional crisis she may start to go through. At the end of the play Jo is left standing by herself lonely without anyone’s help and support to hep undergo the conceiving of her baby, and the rest of her life she may still have to live. The mood is quite bleak, grim and dull at this point most of the relationships between the characters have broken up. Helen has been thrown out of Peter’s house and longer is she able to enjoy financial stability or Peter’s company as a husband. I believe none of the relationships in the play were really meant to work just as much as Geoff and Jo would have never been able to coexist considering their different circumstances. Shelagh Delaney may have chosen the title â€Å"A Taste of Honey† because in a way all of the characters in the play find a hint of happiness for a short while, and then just as it came it quickly diminishes and becomes difficult once again. I believe that Shelagh Delaney was correct in choosing this title for the play because it is indeed a sequence of events that resemble the ups and downs in life and the way one can taste something good but then it’s taken away. It’s never really a constant patch of happiness throughout, but a constant struggle to keep going as much as possible.