Bailey White Essays - Mama, Bailey, , Term Papers

Bailey White Adventures on the Way Back Home, and Quite a Year for Plums, author Bailey White offers readers an inviting refuge from our increasingly fast-paced society. Using humor, White transports the reader to the rural South, where the setting, the way of life, and the characters the reader meets contrast strikingly with life in the typical Northern city. Bailey White's South has a warm and hospitable atmosphere, a pleasant alternative to cold, bustling, Northern metropolitan centers. As a cousin of the Whites puts it when she calls from Philadelphia to announce she'll be visiting overnight, "?I've heard so much about Southern hospitality. Now I will be able to experience it for myself'" (Mama, 48). The language in Bailey White's writings also delights, especially her characters' manner of speaking, which contains many curious Southern expressions. My friends certainly would not say"persnickety" (Sleeping, 125), "doodlebugs" (Sleeping, 9), "junkets" (Mama, 60), describe a club as a "tough juke joint" (Mama, 3), or say, "?She sho' ain't gon' ride no ferry here'" (Mama, 62)! Located in South Georgia, in the backwoods, White's characters are allowed to do what they please without judgment from neighboring yuppies glaring down from their balconies. The village "...is a place where they are kind to one another and indulgent of eccentricities" (Publishers Weekly, 30 March 1998). The result is"endearing true stories about rural South Georgia" (Publishers Weekly, 1 March 1993) on subjects as quirky as bathtubs and Porsches on porches, backyard camping, and road-kill suppers. After remodeling their bathroom Bailey and Mama find that their bathtub won't fit in it anymore. Instead of installing a shower, they leave the bathtub on the porch. Bailey explains that "with the midsummer's afternoon breeze blowing through the high pine woods and the fragrance of the lilies, it's a lovely spot for a leisurely bath" (Mama, 25). Joining the bathtub on the porch is a 1958 Model 356 Speedster in original condition, because the driver refused to "?just park it out behind the garden with those two tractors and that thing that might have been a lawnmower'" (Mama, 21). When inspired, Mama can (and does) go camping in the wilderness. Bailey, however, doesn't have to worry about her aging mother alone on a trip: their backyard is wilderness enough for camping. "At night I could see a tiny glow from her fire. And just at dawn, if I went out to the edge of the pasture and listened very carefully I could barely hear her singing ?Meet Me in St. Louis'" (Mama, 38). Mama, whether camping or not, can get fast-food for dinner, Southern-style: road kill. White and Mama have "feasted not only doves, turkeys, and quail, but robins, squirrels, and, only once, a possum," but Bailey draws the line at snakes, even when her mom protests "?But it was still wiggling when I got there...Let's try it just this once. I have a white sauce with dill and mustard'" (Mama, 39). Despite the gourmet sauce, Bailey refuses to eat any animal her mom brings in without documentation--the model and tag number of the car that struck it--to assure her of a recent kill. While chronicling small-town culture, White manages to make me laugh out loud, which is quite a feat for an author. The comical scenes from the small town of Thomasville will not only produce laughter, but a longing to move to such a quaint village. Instead of going into the Instant Care Facility, a modern walk-in medical clinic, one can, as Mama did, take advice from "?surgeons, I'd say, from the amount of blood and brains on those white coats,'" who were actually butchers on their cigarette break (Mama, 23). The provincial aspects of life in Thomasville are evident in Plums, in the extent of interest and pride community members exhibit when Roger appears in a photograph in the April edition of the Agrisearch magazine. At the Pastime Restaurant the waitresses tape up Roger's picture next to the ?In Case of Choking' poster, Meade makes a mat for his picture out of construction paper left from her schoolteaching days, Hilma transposes Roger's image onto two color photos for an artistic effect, Eula puts the magazine photo on her refrigerator, and others prop it up on their windowsills (Plums, 4). The detail in Bailey White's stories come from her own experiences living in Thomasville, especially in her first two books, Mama and Sleeping, which are both autobiographical. "In my own town I know the story of every missing body part: an ear in an auto accident, a middle finger in

Pronoun Agreement on SAT Writing Tips and Practice

Pronoun Agreement on SAT Writing Tips and Practice SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Pronoun agreement errors are some of the most common on the SAT Writing section, and they can be confusing because peopleoften misuse pronouns, especially when we speak. In fact, I just made a pronoun mistake: can you spot it? Take a closer look at the second half of my first sentence: "people often misuse pronouns, especially when we speak." Who is "we" referring to here: "people." However, the correct pronoun for the third person plural is they. The correct version is "people often misuse pronouns, especially when they speak." On SAT Writing, you'll be expected to spot many such errors. We'll be covering both the basic SAT writing rules regarding pronouns you need to know and the common mistakes you'll see on the test: Pronouns and Antecedents Disagreement in Number Disagreement in Person Unclear Antecedents Spotting Pronoun Errors on the SAT A Pronoun Must Always Match its Antecedent That titlemight seem confusing. What's an antecedent? And what does it mean to "match"? The truth is you probably already have an intuitive grasp of how this works, but let's break it down one piece at a time. What's a Pronoun? A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun- that's it! Usually we think of pronouns as words like I, him, they, or its, all of which are definitely pronouns. But so are words like everyone, which, and each. Any word that can fill in for a noun is a pronoun. For more detailed information on pronouns, take a look at our guide to parts of speech. What's an Antecedent? An antecedent is the noun a pronoun replaces. (You may also have heard these called referents.) Let's look at an example- the pronoun is in boldand the antecedent is underlined: Julie almost forgot her backpack this morning. Simple enough, right? "Her" is standing in for "Julie's." Let's try a more complicated one: Running out the door to meet Jimmy, Julie almost forgot to grab his bag, which he'd left at her house the night before. There's a lot more going onin this sentence, so I've color coded the pronouns and their nouns. The trick here is figuring out who's doing what. Jimmy forgothis bag at Julie's house; now she's bringing it back to him. When looking for pronoun agreement errors, keep an eye out for any sentences that don't track clearly in this way. What Does It Mean for a Pronoun and Antecedent to Match? Again, though this concept may sound confusing, it's actually pretty intuitive. Let's revisit our example from above, with a slight tweak: Julie almost forgot theirbackpack this morning. This sentence clearly isn't correct. That's because the pronoun "their" and the antecedent "Julie" don't agree: Julie is singular and their is plural. They disagree in number. It's also possiblefor a pronoun and antecedent to disagree in person: Julie almost forgot mybackpack this morning. Julie is a proper noun and should take a 3rd person pronoun, not a 1st person pronoun like "my." As a review, the most common pronounsand their correct uses are listed below: I/me/my - first person singular, i.e. the person speaking We/us/ours - first person plural, i.e. the person speaking and others You/your - second person (singular and plural), i.e. the person (or people) being spoken to He/him/his - third person masculine, i.e. a male person or animal who isn't present She/her - third person feminine, i.e. a femaleperson or animal who isn't present It/its - third person neuter, i.e. inanimate objects They/them/their - third person plural, i.e. multiple people or things Moral of the story: pronouns must alwayshave a clear antecedent and agree with the noun that they replace. Now that we've established what that means, let's look at the errors you're likely to see on the SAT. Make sure your pronouns aren't like this llama.(Â © Valdrec) Disagreement in Number I mentioned above that plural nouns require plural pronouns and singular nouns requiresingular pronouns. Usually, that rule feels pretty obvious: it doesn't make much sense to refer to Tomas "them" or the Muppets as "it." However, this is the SAT we're talking about, so the errors are going to be a little harder to spot. Let's go over some of the trickiest cases. Extra Words In a simple sentence, it's easy to spot number agreement errors: Incorrect: The kidswant her own TV. Correct: The kids want their own TV. Catching these errors gets much trickier when we add in more words, however: Because Susie and her brother begged their dadfor a TV, he agreed to get one for her. At first glance, this may seem fine- Susie's getting a TV! But let's look at each pronoun and its antecedent: her = Susie their = Susie and her brother he = their dad her = Susieandher brother The TV isn't just for Susie, it's for both siblings. As such, the sentence should read: Because Susie and her brother begged their dadfor a TV, he agreed to get one for them. When you're dealing with pronouns on the SAT, the first step is always to determinewhat itsantecedent is. This will make it much easier to figure out the correct pronoun to use. The Case of the Non-Gendered Singular Pronoun Even once you determine a pronoun'santecedent, there's still room for confusion. Especially tricky are singular non-gendered nouns. Please remind your friend to bring their speakers to the party tomorrow. Sounds fine, right? But take acloser look. "Their" is taking the place of "your friend's" in this sentence- see the problem? "Their" is a plural pronoun, but "your friend" is only one person. Using "their" seems right because we don't know the gender of thefriend and there is no singular non-gendered pronoun for people in English. However, you can't use 3rd person plural pronouns (they, their, theirs, or them) to refer to singular people of unclear gender. Instead, you need to use "he," "she," or "he or she," as in the example below: Incorrect: According to the news, the mysterious thiefleaves a single rose in place of each thing they steal. Correct:According to the news, the mysterious thiefleaves a single rose in place of each thing shesteals. Correct:According to the news, the mysterious thiefleaves a single rose in place of each thing hesteals. Correct:According to the news, the mysterious thiefleaves a single rose in place of each thing he or shesteals. On the SAT in particular, watch for questions with references to occupations like doctor, lawyer, and scientist- these words often signal a pronoun agreement error. Collective Nouns Collective nouns are similarly confusing, because they refer to more than one thing or person as a singular entity. Take, for example, "the class." The classmay include multiple students, but there is still only one class. It's a singular noun and therefore takes a singular pronoun. Incorrect: For their final assignment, the class had to build a dancing robot. Correct:For itsfinal assignment, the class had to build a dancing robot. Correct:For their final assignment, the students in the class had to build a dancing robot. "They" may seem like the proper pronoun to use for acollectivenoun like "class" because it ismade up of multiple individuals, but the nounitself is singular, so "it" is correct. Collective nouns can be tricky to spot,so be on the lookout for nouns that refer to groups of people. The team, the band, the company, and the town are all examples of collective nouns. SAT Examples Let's take a look at how to spot this type of error in an Identifying Sentence Errors question from a real SAT. Reading over this sentence, you might not notice anything wrong since it sounds fine.The next step is to checkeach underlined section for errors. In this case, C includes a pronoun, so you must check agreement. And what's the first step to check agreement? Find the antecedent! For "they," the antecedent is"a Shakespearean character," which is singular. As such, "they have" is incorrect and C is the answer. You don't even have to think about how to fix the error, just spot it! (But in case you're wondering, the correct version would be "he has" or "she has.") Agreement in number also pops up on the Identifying Sentence Errors, albeit in a different form. Here we have the pronoun "we" standing in for the noun "a buyer." This may seem fine, because it makes sense that we can be buyers, but there's a disagreement in number: "we" is plural and "a buyer" is singular. The obvious fix is "as buyers we are responsible," but that isn't a choice. Answer B has a similar disagreement issue to A with the plural "their" standing in for the singular "buyer. C and E add extra words that make the sentence more confusing. As such, D, which cuts the pronoun altogether, is the correct choice. Disagreement in Person Pronoun agreement in person is a slightly weirder concept than agreement in number, but it's usually pretty easy to spot. The basic concept is that a pronoun must reflect the typeof thing it's replacing. So you use "it" to replace "the garden" but"he" to replace "Abraham Lincoln." Like with agreement in number, the first stepis making sure that you know what a pronoun's antecedent is. Beyond that it's mostly just a question of consistency- if you start a sentence in the first person, you shouldn't suddenly switch to the third without a clear reason. I was on my way home when hesaw a butterfly. This series of events is entirely possible, but it doesn't make much sense as a sentence. Another incorrect sentence: Right after the bombbeeped, he exploded. Again, it's theoretically possible that there's some guy who exploded, but from the context it seems pretty clear that it was the bomb, and inanimate objects can't be referred to as "he." These examples are pretty simple, but once again the test writers are likely to throw you somecurveballs. Let's take a look at some of the harder-to-spot types of errors. This is a disagreement between genders, not a disagreement in gender. You vs. One When explaining how to do something (like I'm doing right now), you can use either "you," in the non-specific sense, or "one," as in "an individual." Both are equally correct: "you" is simplyless formal than "one." However, you must be consistent and stick with whichever pronoun you pick; it would sound pretty weird if I suddenly switched to saying "one needs to find the antecedent." Let's look at how that works in a sentence: Incorrect: If one wants to succeed on the SAT, you must study effectively. Correct: If one wants to succeed on the SAT, onemust study effectively. Correct: If youwant to succeed on the SAT, you must study effectively. The incorrect sentence uses two different pronouns, while the corrected versions stick to one or the other. Errors with you and one are very common on the SAT Writing, so watch out for sentences where either word is underlined. Relative Pronouns The other tricky case with disagreement in person is relative pronouns like who and which. Each of these words is used to refer to a specific type of thing: Who and whom - a person (on the SAT you will notbe tested on difference between the two) When - a point in time Where - a place (use "in which" formedia) Which and that - anythingelse Even though you don't necessarily think of these types of pronouns as having antecedents, they still do, and that means they have to agree with those nouns. Here's an example of an incorrect sentence: I found thegummi bears who I'd lost under my sister's bed. Who or what is "that"? Well, it's "the gummi bears." Gummi bears aren't a person, so it's incorrect to use "who" to refer them. The correct version is: I found thegummi bears thatI'd lost under my sister's bed. Let's look at a slightly trickier case. I finally got to the chapter where the hero sneaks into the castle and rescues the dragon. This sentence sounds fine, but what is "where" referringto? "The chapter" isn't actually a place, so we need to use "in which" instead: I finally got to the chapter in whichthe hero sneaks into the castle and rescues the dragon. When you see a relativepronoun on the SAT, make sure that it is the correct one for describing the type of thing that it is referring to. SAT Writing Example Questions For the Identifying Sentence Errors questions, you can look forproblems with agreement in person in the same way you look for issues with agreement in number: determine the antecedent for any underlined pronouns and ensure that they match. Choices A and C both involve pronouns. In C, "one" is fine, since it's referring to Doris Lessing, who is a singular person. A is a bit trickier. At first glance, "it" seems fine- it's standing in for "The Golden Notebook." But if we fit that antecedent back into the sentence we get, "The Golden Notebookinstantly established herself as one of the most important literary voices of her generation," which clearly doesn't make sense. It's Lessing, not her novel, who established herself, so the correct pronoun would be "she." A includes the error, so it's the correct answer. Remember to watch out for you vs. one and relative pronouns, as well. Let's look at an example of a question involving these topics: As written, the underlined portion of this sentence uses twodifferent possessivepronouns, "your" and "one's," neither of which agree with the antecedent, "a person." Choice D has a similar mistake- it uses both "your" and "one's," when any given sentence can either use "you" or "one." B has a mistake with agreement in number: "their" is plural and can't be used with "a person." C cuts out the antecedent all together, creating a sentence that doesn't make sense. Eliminating these choice leaves only E, which is the correct answer, since the 3rd person plural pronoun "their" is used appropriately with the 3rd person plural antecedent "people." Unclear Antecedents We've covered the basic rules for ensuring that pronouns agree with their antecedents, but a lot of the pronoun questions on the SAT Writingare designed to confuse you by not having a clear antecedent. It's important to remember that a pronoun's antecedent must be a noun and you must be able to circle it in the text. In other words, it's not enough for you to know what the pronoun is referring to, the antecedent alsohas to be obvious in the text. Your vision may be unclear, but make sure your antecedents aren't. (Â © xWoliex) No Antecedent I know I've said this a couple of times already, but it's the most important thing to remember about pronouns on the SAT Writing: every pronoun must have an antecedent.I'm emphasizing this because sometimes you'll see a pronoun that doesn't have one: In order to get the spelunking permitsfrom the office, I need them to call me back. Who does"them" refer to? Presumably, the people who work in the spelunking permit office, but there's nothing in the sentence to specifically indicate that. A correct version might read: In order to get the spelunking permits, I need someone from the officeto call me back. Now it's clear who I need to call me back.Similarly,you'll sometimes see a verb or adjective used as an antecedent- this is incorrect. People who crawl through caves do it because they love adventure. This sentence seems fine; "it" is clearly "crawl through caves." However, "crawl" is a verb, not a noun, and thus cannot serve as an antecedent. People who crawl through caves do sobecause they love adventure. This kind of error can be especially confusing because gerunds, the "ing" forms of verbs, are technically nouns andcanbe used as antecedents for pronouns. Incorrect: I explore underwater caves often; it is fun. Correct: I love exploringunderwater caves; it is fun. "Exploring" is a correct antecedent; "explore" is not. Always make sure that a pronoun'santecedent is a noun you can point to in the sentence. Too Many Antecedents Another common antecedent issue occurs when a sentence has more than onenoun that could be the antecedent. For example: When Nel and Katie got back from the movie, they took her dog for a walk. It's unclear whether "her" refers to Nel or Katie. The possessive either needs to be replaced with something more specific or removed: When Nel and Katie got back from the movie, they took Nel'sdog for a walk. When Nel and Katie got back from the movie, they took theirdog for a walk. When Neland Katie got back from the movie, they took thedog for a walk. On the SAT Writing, watch out for sentences that involve two or more names of the same gender, since that construction often indicates this type of error. This, Which, and That In casual English, we often use the pronouns this, which, and that without clear antecedents. Liz: My mom told me I have to stay home and clean my room. Wayne: That's annoying. This construction may be fine in spoken English, but it would beabsolutely incorrect on the SAT. This, that, and which must have clear noun antecedents, just like any other pronoun.Let's look at an example: It took me 24 hours to travel from Los Angeles to Mumbai; this meant that I was very tired when I reached my destination. What is "this"? It's somewhat unclear, but there are a few ways we can improve this sentence. It took me 24 hours to travel from Los Angeles to Mumbai; thisfact meant that I was very tired when I reached my destination. It took me 24 hours to travel from Los Angeles to Mumbai, soI was very tired when I reached my destination. Both are perfectly clear; however, on the SAT, the second option would be preferable because it is more concise. SAT Writing Example Questions Missing or unclear antecedents pop up fairly frequently on the SAT and they can be hard to spot. Let's look at some examples, starting with Identifying SentenceErrors: Neither Mr. Weasley nor(A) Mr. Potter thinks(B) that eating as much candy as his(C) daughter Jen does will result(D)in anything good. No error (E) The underlined pronoun in C, "his," seems fine- it matches the antecedent in person (3rd person masculine) and number (neither takes singular pronouns and verbs). But it's actually unclear who "his" is referring to: is Jen Mr. Weasley's daughter or Mr. Potter's? It's impossible to tell, so this construction is incorrect. Let's move on to an Improving Sentences question: Again, at first glance, this sentence looks correct. However, "that" requires an identifiable noun antecedent, which it doesn't have. "That" is referring to the tearing down of the Berlin Wall, but that phrase doesn't appear in the sentence, nor does any equivalent noun phrase. Choices B and D also feature pronouns without antecedents. E is not idiomatic, which leaves C, the correct answer. You have to watch for errors as vigilantly as this meerkat is watching for predators. How to Spot a Pronoun Agreement Error on the SAT Writing As you've seen in the SAT Writing examples, pronoun agreement errors appear in both the Identifying Sentence Errors questionsand the Improving Sentences questions. There are slight differences in how these errors are tested in the two sections, however. Identifying Sentence Errors Pronoun errors are among the most common on the ISE section, so any time you see a pronoun underlined, you must alwayscheck for an antecedent and make sure that the pronoun and antecedent agree. Underlined nouns can also indicate pronoun agreement errors, although they usually mean that there's anoun agreement issue, which isslightly different (for more information on those, see our post here (coming soon)). On the Identifying Sentence Errors, these constructionsoftenindicate a pronoun agreement error: More than one name of the same gender "One" or "you" underlined "It" or "they" underlined Collective nouns Names of professions Though sentences with these clues are especially likely to have a pronoun agreement, you should still make sure to check that any underlined pronoun matches its antecedent. For more details on how to systematically check sentences for errors, see our post on how to approach Identifying Sentence Errors questions. Improving Sentences Pronoun agreement errors are alsorelatively common on the Improving Sentences, and you should expect to see somequestions dealing with them. However, you likely don't want to check every underlined pronoun, as on the ISE, since they are often part of more complicated constructions with whichthere are many other possible problems. (For example, pronouns are often used as fillerin wordiness questions.) Certain sentence structures pop up again and again, though, so there are some clues you can watch out for. The following signs- some of which also appear on the ISE section- often warn of a pronoun agreement issue: That, which, or who underlined A pronoun, especially it, near the beginning of a sentence The presence of "you" or "one" Collective nouns For a more complete rundown of best practices for the Improving Sentences questions, check out our post on strategies for the IS section. Test Your Knowledge! Now that we've covered the ins and outs of pronoun agreement on the SAT, why don't you take a crack at some realistic SAT writing practice questions? 1. The herd of black-and-white cattle bellowed(A) loudly as(B) the cowboys herded them(C) into the expansive(D) pen. (E) No error 2. My sister loves books where(A) the villains win, but(B) my brother prefers those(C) in which good triumphs over(D) evil. (E) No error 3. The more time one spends onthe bakingof cookies, the lessyou'll want to eat them. A. one spends onthe baking of cookies B. you spend baking cookies C. he spends to make cookies D. that is spent on the baking of cookies E. one bakes cookies 4. When the ninja finally tried skiing, he didn't have fun, which confused his friends. A.which confused his friends B. that confused his friends C. which his friends found confusing D. by which his friends were confused E. a fact that confused his friends Answers: 1. C, 2. A, 3. B, 4. E What's Next? The only topic the SAT Writing tests more than pronouns is verbs. Make sure to study subject-verb agreement as well! Maybe you're more concerned about the essay? In that case, take a look atour guides onhow to score a perfect 12, how to plan your examples in advance, and 15 ways to improve your score. For more big picture strategies, try these 8key tips or check out our guide to reaching an 800 on the SAT Writing. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SAT score by 160 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Writing and grammar lesson, you'll love our program. Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands of practice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Human Resource Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Human Resource Management - Assignment Example It is a function that pervades all the steps in the organizational ladder, forms a vital part of every other management functions and covers all the employees. The individual, team, psychological, emotional and social perspectives of human behavior are taken into account under HRM. This functional area tries to achieve a fit between the organizations and their employees. It has to balance of the goals of individual employees, teams, organization and its obligations to the society at large. Building up the employees into competent resources by improving their capabilities, upgrading their skills and enhancing their efficiency; while providing them with proper training and development opportunities is also the aim of HRM. It is an ongoing operation of understanding human relations and behavior, and applying them to the daily functioning of the organization. The fact that people are to be managed makes HRM more challenging and dynamic, as human behavior is unique and unpredictable at ti mes. The purposes served by HRM can be stated under two heads – the managerial functions and operational functions. Planning, Organising, Staffing, Directing and Controlling are the managerial functions, while procurement, development, compensation, integration and maintenance are the operational functions. Though the roles played by HRM in different organizations vary, the main actions performed under the function are: Human resource planning Job analysis and design Recruitment and selection Training and career development Compensation and benefits Motivation Maintenance Occupational health and safety 2. Strategic Human Resource Planning Human resource planning(HRP) is also known as manpower planning or employment planning. It is the primary task of HRM, as it involves assessments regarding the number and nature of employees that would be required to deal with the future level of operations of the organization. It involves forecasting the future human needs of the organizati on, in line with its future goals and projections. Decenzo and Robbins define human resource planning as the process by which an organization ensures that it has right number and kind of people, at the right place, at the right time, capable of effectively and efficiently completing those tasks that will help the organization achieve its overall objectives (Ashwathappa, 2007). Such a preparation enables the organization to change and adjust to the demands of the market. Thus, it is a mode of change management. It also helps in meeting the legal regulations set by the Government. 2.1. HRP & Organisational Strategy Organisational strategy gives a picture of what the organization aims to portray itself along the timeline. HRP is directly linked to the type of organization and its strategic choices. This is so because HRP has to essentially follow the overall organizational plan and direction. The personnel requirements for product-based organizations are different from those involved i n service. The planning for HR depends on whether the firm strategizes to acquire new organizations or simply add to its internal capacity. New personnel are to be recruited if additional capacity is planned. In case of acquisition, capacity addition comes along with personnel. So, the planning is different. Alternatively, if the organization intends to cut or decrease production, HRP has to include redundancy and redeployment plans. At the same time, if the market poses limitations or shortage of manpower, the organization has to withhold its expansion plans. The status accorded to HR in the

Rationalism empiricism Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Rationalism empiricism - Assignment Example The thesis differs with the different variables for, S. The difference between innate knowledge and intuition and deduction thesis comes in on how this knowledge prior to experience is under acquisition. The innate knowledge theory offers that the knowledge is due to rational nature while the intuition and deduction theory argues on basis of subsequent deductive reasoning. This thesis states that some concepts are not from experience. It argues that although an experience may trigger a process by which an action is brought to consciousness, the experience will not determine the information within them. Descartes argues that in order for true knowledge one has to have certainty, and certainty of the external world is not what one can prove through empirical methods, while Leibniz argues that the knowledge of some particular world truths appeals to what we know rather than the nature of knowledge therefore this knowledge is from intuition and deduction. In relations of ideas, Hume argues that this is the confirmation which is either demonstratively or intuitively certain and this is where geometry, algebra and arithmetic lie, while in ‘matters of fact’, their certainty is not true through evidence and a contrary would exist but it would never contradict the matter of fact. The mathematical knowledge seems to be about something bigger than the knowledge in people, the knowledge of moral judgment determines how we ought to behave and the verification principle fails because it has a cognitive meeting. 3) The argument Markie describes as ‘the kind of reasoning that has caused many philosophers to adopt some form of Innate Knowledge Thesis.† (pg. 18). This is the one where plato argues that the knowledge is part of

Global warming Essay Example for Free

Global warming Essay Global warming is the process by which several gases known ‘green-house gases’ (such as carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, nitrous oxide, etc) are accumulating in the earth’s environment (as a result of human activity and pollution) and are trapping the sun’s energy resulting in a rise in the planet’s temperature. Some of the largest sources of green house gases include power plants, automobiles, etc. The hypothesis statement in this case is â€Å"Carbon Dioxide is not the only the largest contributor to Global warming, it is in fact the only contributor†. A recent study conducted By the US-DoE in the year 2000 clearly suggests that about 99. 5 % of the gases that cause global warming is carbon dioxide (NRDC, 2007, Eco Bridge, 2008, University of California, 2002). Carbon dioxide is emitted from several human activities. About 40 % of the carbon dioxide emitted in the US is from power-plants that emit the gas from burning coal. Even when LPG and natural gas is burnt, it produces huge quantities of carbon dioxide that contribute towards global warming. About 33% of the carbon dioxide is produced from vehicular emission. Vehicles that have poor mileage contribute larger quantities of carbon dioxide that ultimately result in global warming. About 3. 5 % of the carbon dioxide released in the atmosphere is from aero planes. The upper layers of the atmosphere are damaged as a result of air traffic. From building and domestic use, about 12 % of the total carbon dioxide content is contributed (NRDC, 2007, Eco Bridge, 2008, University of California, 2002). The other gases that can contribute towards global warming is methane (0. 47 %), nitrous oxide (less than 0. 1 %), water vapor and CFC’s (less than 0. 01 %). In actual fact, water vapor contributes towards 99. 99 % of the global warming. However, release of water vapor into the environment is by a natural phenomenon and hence it cannot be considered as a result of human activity. Several studies have demonstrated that effect of water vapor is increased by the presence of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Another group of thinking is that water vapor ultimately results in cloud formation, resulting of reflecting back the energy waves of the sun into the atmosphere. Besides, water vapor present in the atmosphere is released back onto the ground, thus helping to cool down the planet (NRDC, 2007, Eco Bridge, 2008, University of California, 2002, Hieb, 2003 University of California, 2002). Since the time of James Watt, the levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has been rising. IN the US, an average the per capita emission of carbon is about 5 tons every year per head (one of the highest) and in Sweden it is about 2 tons (One of the lowest). Carbon dioxide molecules trap the heat rays that are radiating from the atmosphere and cause and increase in the air temperature. In cities and in areas having high levels of carbon dioxide at the ground level, it is found that the air temperature is comparatively higher. Whereas in forests, the air temperature is lower as the carbon dioxide is converted to oxygen. Over the last 100 years the temperature of the earth has risen by about 1. 5 to 5 degrees. The concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is increased from below 280 ppm to above 360 ppm (Hieb, 2003 University of California, 2002). By just doubling the levels of carbon dioxide in the air, the temperature has increased significantly. The levels of methane and other green house gases have fairly remained constant over the years, but global warming is becoming even more severe. Hence, it can be considered that carbon dioxide is not just the largest contribute to global warming; it may as well as be considered the only contributor (University of California, 2002). References: Eco Bridge. â€Å"Causes of Global Warming. † 2008. Eco Bridge. 6 Apr.2008. http://www. ecobridge. org/content/g_cse. htm Monte Hieb. â€Å"Water Vapor Rules the Greenhouse System. † 2003. Geo Craft. 6 Apr. 2008. http://www. geocraft. com/WVFossils/greenhouse_data. html Natural Resources Defense Council. â€Å"Global Warming Basics. † 2007. NRDC. 6 Apr. 2008. http://www. nrdc. org/globalWarming/f101. asp University of California. â€Å"GLOBAL WARMING: The Rise of CO2 Warming. † 2002. University of California. 6 Apr. 2008. http://earthguide. ucsd. edu/globalchange/global_warming/03. html

How Does Othello Rate? Essay -- GCSE Coursework Shakespeare Othello

How Does Othello Rate?  Ã‚        Ã‚   Is this the best, the second-best, the worst of William Shakespeare’s tragedies? Where does it place in the lineup? Let’s consider where it deserves to be and why in this essay.    The play is so quotable; consider Desdemona’s opening lines before the Council of Venice: â€Å"My noble father, / I do perceive here a divided duty,† or Othello’s last words: â€Å"Killing myself, to die upon a kiss.† Could the continuing reputation of Othello be attributed to the quotable â€Å"ultimate form† in which the Bard of Avon expressed his ideas? Robert B. Heilman says in â€Å"The Role We Give Shakespeare†:    If we use the word â€Å"support,† however, we do name a way in which Shakespeare serves. It is the way of venerable texts whose authenticity has impressed itself on the human imagination: he has said many things in what seems an ultimate form, and he is a fountainhead of quotation and universal center of allusion. â€Å"A rose by any other name† comes to the mouth as readily as â€Å"Pride goeth before a fall,† and seems no less wise. A quotable line is one that has shed its context and taken on independent life. Very significantly, Shakespeare scenes and character relationships have also taken on independent life and have provided basic formulations upon which other writers rely. (24-25).    Francis Ferguson in â€Å"Two Worldviews Echo Each Other† ranks the play Othello quite high among the Bard’s tragedies:    Othello, written in 1604, is one of the masterpieces of Shakespeare’s â€Å"tragic period.† In splendor of language, and in the sheer power of the story, it belongs with the greatest. But some of its admirers find it too savage. . . .(131)    The Bard’s presentation of emotions, character, of good a... ...othing.† Essays on Shakespeare. Ed. Gerald Chapman. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1965.    Heilman, Robert B. â€Å"The Role We Give Shakespeare.† Essays on Shakespeare. Ed. Gerald Chapman. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1965.    Levin, Harry. General Introduction. The Riverside Shakespeare. Ed. G. Blakemore Evans. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1974.    Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http://www.eiu.edu/~multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos.    Wright, Louis B. and Virginia A. LaMar. â€Å"The Engaging Qualities of Othello.† Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Introduction to The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice by William Shakespeare. N. p.: Simon and Schuster, Inc., 1957.      

Malaysian Financial Reporting Standard

Malayan Financial Reporting Standards 132 WTK Company Harmonizing to MFRS 132, the statements of fiscal place of WTK Company divide into fiscal plus, fiscal liability, and fiscal equity. In the statements of fiscal place of WTK Company besides divide into group and company. WTK Company’s fiscal assets have non-currents assets and current assets. In non-current assets, there are decently, works and equipment, prepaid land rental payments, investing belongingss, and others. For the group, in 1.1.2011, the sum of non-current assets is RM 1020829000 which increased to RM 1099123000 in twelvemonth terminal of 2011. In twelvemonth terminal of 2012, the non-current assets increased once more to RM 141151000. This show that WTK Company’s non-current assets grow from 2011 to 2012. Whereas in company portion, the sum of non-current assets in 1.1.2011 is RM 433458000 and travel up to RM 434816000 in twelvemonth terminal of 2011. In 2012, the non-current assets increase once more to RM 438215000. The current assets are stock lists, tr ade and other receivables, other current assets and others. The current assets of WTK Company, in group portion, in 1.1.2011, the sum is RM 558683000 so add up to RM 588906000. In 2012, the sum of current assets is RM 551048000. In the company portion, the current assets in 1.1.2011 are RM 45304000 grows up to RM 59270000. In 2012, the current assets sum is increase to RM 63501000. Hence, the group portion of entire sum of assets is RM 1692199000 whereas in the company portion of entire sum of assets is RM 501716000. WTK Company has fiscal liability and fiscal equity. In fiscal liability, there are non-current liabilities and current liabilities. In group portion, the sum of current liabilities in 1.1.2011 is RM 313731000 which increased to RM 310156000 in twelvemonth terminal 2011. In 2012, the sum of current liabilities additions once more to RM 242404000. In company portion, the sum of current liabilities in 1.1.2011 is RM 51892000 and lessening to RM 45407000 in twelvemonth terminal 2011. In 2012, the sum of current liabilities drops once more to RM 45070000. The sum of net current asserts/liabilities in group portion in 2012 are RM 30644000 whereas in company portion 2012, the sum of net current asserts/liabilities are RM 18431000. The non-current liabilities in group portion 1.1.2011 are RM 214236000 and increase to RM 1189560000. In 2012, the sum encouragement once more to RM 1220240000. In company portion, the non-current liabilities in 1.1.2011 are RM 4265832000 and hike up to RM 4486410 00. In 2012, the non-current liabilities are RM 456608000. After add with non-controlling involvement, RM 15319000, the entire equity is RM 1235559000 in 2012 group portion. In group portion 2012, the entire equity and liabilities are RM 1693199000 whereas in company portion 2012, the entire equity and liabilities are RM 501716000. The chief rule of MFRS 132 is a fiscal instrument that is non an plus should be confidential as either a fiscal liability or an equity instrument harmonizing to the substance of the contract, but non its official signifier. The determination to make should be at the clip instrument is chiefly known. Fiscal plus and fiscal liability should be do up for and the net sum reported when, and merely when, an entity has a officially enforceable right to countervail the sums and intends either to unclutter up on a net footing, or to acknowledge the plus and settle the liability at the same time. Equity instrument is contract that evidences a residuary involvement in the assets of an entity after subtracting all its liabilities. The statement of alterations in equity will uncover all constituents of equity demoing in item the gap balance, addition and diminution and the shutting balance. Equity comprises portion capital and militias. Additions and lessenings to retained net income non disclosed in the other comprehensive income. Statements of alterations in equity of WTK Company besides divide into group and company. In twelvemonth terminal of 2012, the group of statements of alterations in equity, the entire equity is RM 1235559000 whereas in twelvemonth terminal of 2011 is RM 1204973000. In twelvemonth terminal of 2012, entire equity attributable to the proprietors of the company is RM 1220240000 whereas in twelvemonth terminal of 2011, entire equity attributable to the proprietors of the company is RM 1189560000. The portions capital, portions premium, and exchequer portions are RM 219007000, RM 45708000, and negative RM 7570000 severally in twelvemonth terminal of 2011. In twelvemonth terminal of 2012, the portions capital and portions premium are the same as in 2011. The exchequer portions are negative RM 8062000. The maintained net incomes in 2011 are RM 931358000 whereas in 2012, the maintained net incomes are RM 962176000. In 2011, entire other militias, foreign currency interlingual rendition modest y, just value accommodation modesty, and non-controlling involvements are RM1057000, RM 685000, RM372000, and RM 15413000 severally. Entire other militias, foreign currency interlingual rendition modesty, just value accommodation, and non-controlling involvements are RM 1411000, RM 1299000, RM 112000, and RM 15319000 severally in 2012. In company portion, the entire equity in 2011 is RM 448641000 whereas the entire equity is RM 456608000 in 2012. The portions capital, portions premium, and exchequer portions in 2011 are RM 209007000, RM 45708000, and negative RM 7570000. In 2012, the portions capital and portions premium are the same as in 2011. The exchequer portions are negative RM8062000. The maintained net incomes in 2011 are RM 190579000 whereas in 2012 are RM 199445000. Entire other militias, capital modesty, and just value accommodation are RM 917000, RM 400000, and RM 517000 severally in 2011. In 2012, entire other militias, capital modesty, and just value accommodation modesty are RM 510000, RM 400000, and RM 110000 severally. Additions such as reappraisal excess and adjust in just value of fiscal assets available for sale are recognized in other comprehensive income and disclosed discretely as militias. Revaluation excess on depreciable non-current plus is known in other comprehensive income and accredited to the reappraisal modesty. The depreciation charge wining to the just value accommodation of the plus will be higher, and an sum equal to the extra depreciation is to be transferred from the reappraisal modesty to retained net incomes. If the plus were to be sold before it was to the full depreciated, the staying balance on the reappraisal for that punctilious plus is besides transferred to retained net incomes. Interest, dividends, additions and losingss associating to an instrument classified as liability should be reported in the income statement. This means that dividends payments on preferable portions classified as liabilities are treated as disbursals. On the other custodies, distributions such as dividends to owner of a fiscal instrument classified as equity should be charge straight aligned with equity. The outgo of an entity’s ain equity instrument that is has required cherished portions is deducted from equity. Derive or loss is non recognized on the purchase, sale, issue or revocation of exchequer portions.